Economic History and Current India Essay Example for Free

Economic History and Current India EssayThere have been recent studies of the entire history of the delivery of india where it is possible to ananlyse where india stood its place in past and where it is currently held. Paul Birog made a thorough analysis of Asian countries gross domestic product stintingal development of 1750-1918 where surprisingly the findings in 1700AD drawn economic statistics of humanness . China had 32. 8% GDP where as as india had 25% . UK at that period had 1. 8% GDP along with 1% GDP in USA.By the time of 1900 there was a total reversal of paradigm shift where US and UK had GDP growth of 41% whereas China and India suffered 1. 7% GDP overall. The western research shows that india was a economic giant . London economist Angus Madisson in 1990, one of the greatest british economist of all time was appointed by the OECD nations to verify Paul Birogs research along with different levels of assistances from different countries. Eventually in 2010 he pub lished a 2000 year sparing of India where it showed from 1AD India topped thed world with 34% GDP.Still in 1000AD it had 28% GDP. In the years 1500 and 1600 china overtakes india. Again in 1700 india overtakes china and finally the entire smash of the Indian economy began later in 1750s where the british colonial overlords landed in the country and started looting the country and exploiting its resources. The OECD website refers in the world economic history and millennium perspective lists out all these information which have been quoted before. It is one of the most trusted and relied upon website to refer to the statistics of the world economies.Although the word hostelry is disappear completely in western society where Marg art Thatcher said in 1971, that there is nonhing called as society. And today all the western accepts today is the alternate adaption of so called obliging society. Now civil society is totally different from the traditional society where it send word be suggested that it is a form of anti society. Civil society which is the current western trend is based on social contractual theory, which all the institution are based including out participatory government where each citizen is recognized as co-citizen in country rather than mutual brotherhood based society.For eg. In USA, in Philedelphia, a Son goat file a case against his own father for divorce of relationship and can achieve his claim since there is no cultural society, it is a civil society where 2 people are viewed as co-citizens rather with any blood and brotherly relationship. The complete western understanding, their institutions, sociology, individualism, constitutional theory of west does not recognize normal basic human relationship. But whereas our Indian society has always been working entirely on human relations since the ages of time where india showed a huge economic superpower with traditional society.Today since Indian government which is puppying around th e western ideology fail to realize that they are pickings the economy of the nation into a huge catastrophy. In 1993, when Manmohan Singh was the finance minister invited jagadish bhagavati a neo economist from USA, who formed the entire Duncan WTO treaty for the situation crisis in india with its economic situation. He suggested that the problem with Indian people is that they are saving more than need which comes around 23%GDP,out of which 19 % GDP were only saved by Indians.His advise included to bring down the savings of the people by different means of taxations and other techniques to 9-10%. Out of which this 9 -10% should only be cerebrate on food, shelter like basic needs and increase productions by employing more people and made a whole theory model on that. His theory on Indian situation stated that unless you destroy the family saving of the Indian people and bring it down to half of it, there was no take chances of development. He also made a research on the Indian fam ilies that Indian woman played a vital role in taking hold of the savings of her family expenditures.So his ideas proposed to change the mentality of the reserved family woman to consumer based woman where she can be advertised to spend more of our money and change the family structure symmetrically in Indian society. In western society there is no propensity to save money assets, thus as a result many families are destroyed. Today 51% Americans are single parent family, out of which 41% children are born to unwed mothers, 20% born for school going children. 51% of the American people are dependent on government realize on life insurance, health support etc. where as Indian people have always been dependent on society.Moreover the western economy is build on contractual arouse based constitutional society which has led to time bomb ticking economy is USA and other European countries. Today the present scenario has changed the entire normal thinking process of the people in India. They have a huge affiliated love towards the western society and its features less realizing the suicidal catastrophic and deadly features of its empire. The govt. in India always claim to be globalizing with the world but in reality, india is Americanizing by focusing only on American economic model.There are other traditional society based economies like Japan and germany wherr they instead of manipulating the crowd, they motivate their savings in their family and encourage only the financial institutions to put up money in trades of stock market. There is a huge commonality between the german or Japanese structure of economic history of cryptical cultural based society which our country could have adopted for the people but current democractic model is partially by the people but it has abysmally failed to be for the people by inviting the civil society in our country.Indian economies,constitutions, institutions,sociology, philosophy, education etc all are based on the govern ment economic radiation diagram of those same people who looted the country, colonized it and then destroyed the Indian GDP. CONCLUSION There are fraternity based economic models in this world with which we share commonality and our ideas should be to have a wider understanding of the world with whom we relate culturally and socially and only then our economic model can be aligned to them to achieve prosperity and serenity in our country.

Visual Aid that Illustrates a Problem Essay Example for Free

Visual Aid that Illustrates a Problem EssayOrganizations these days argon facing numerous hassles related to recruitment, job assignment, fair performance evaluation, and encouraging diverse workforce within the workplace. Nevertheless there is anformer(a) growing problem for the organizations that has significant impacts over the performance and as well as reputation of a comp either. It does not create a mouth-opening effect on us when we position to know any thin out related to sexual harassment that is happening somewhere in the country, whether it is any organization, community, educational institution, or village. It is because there is no such country in the world that has totally eliminated this issue, even if they have, then other diversity issues such as, discrimination, hatred, and glass-ceiling occur. The paper would discuss a problem of sexual harassment, crumble the legal c at a timerns, highlight the thoughts regarding the issue, and suggestions for overcoming the problem. Introduction to the ProblemSexual harassment is a term that is utilise to define any act of harassment where a soulfulness or employee makes continued, unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, to another employee, against his or her wishes (Heathfield, 2010). There is not any specific way of harassing the opposite gender in the workplace in fact, there atomic number 18 variety of ways that can be used depending on the circumstances.People pass on jokes, non-verbal gestures, or other offensive comments on the physique, dresses, or way of walking or talking of the other party. wretched and making some bodily connection also comes under sexual harassment, where patting some unrivalleds back, holding him or her from waste, and scratching is done. Moreover, requests to the other party are make to have date even that party has refused before. And finally, sending emails or texts that contain some lewd text or pictures and playing sexy symphony are also part of sexual harassment.Significance of the Problem Sexual harassment has increased to so much extent that now it is considered to be a common thing, which would not have any negative impact towards the organization or its performance. But in reality, it does have several legal concerns over the boldness and self-esteem of the harassed one, performance of the organization, violation of the ethical and moral principles, and also the corporate culture.Starting from the moral and ethical issues, one does not have any right to sexually harass anyone else in the workplace even if the other party does not entertain the offer or gets reluctant to it. It violates the ethical principles because one does not feel the sense of freedom where he or she is working, and since it is the workplace so protest or condemnation cannot be done openly. Second of all, it diverts the point of both the harasser and harassee from their work since they continue to disturb and get disturbed from each others reactions.Therefore, the time is wasted and focus is not made on the everyday tasks, hence resulting in the decline in productivity of both parties. As far as the self-esteem and confidence of harassee is concerned, it gets hurt poorly because the harassee cannot openly raise voice in front of others to either protect him/her or complaint about the harasser. Moreover, there is a great chance of other people perceiving the harassing situation as the consensual relationship or flirting of both the parties, which might degrade ones image.Not only when this, once the rumors about sexual harassment being happening in an organization spread, it exacerbates companys image and so many of the women or minorities would hesitate to conjugation it in the future. This growing issue in the workplaces have tarnished the image of many organizations and as well as the countries where minorities are harassed either sexually or for some other pu rpose. Although this is a silent issue that has not been considered to deal at the upper aim either by the companies or governments nevertheless, employees are the only one who can help themselves and get out if this nuisance. Overcoming the ProblemSexual harassment can be prevented by the organizations if they develop and introduce certain solid rules about the issue, which ensure that whoever is found to be harassing others would either be fired or suspended. Of course, the employer would not want this issue to prevail in the company so the harassee must complain secretly to the immediate boss or manager who could take the issue seriously in dealing with it. Also, harassee must have victorian proofs and records of harassment been done by the harasser, so that he or she could take legal actions against the harasser and let him or her face the music (Heathfield, 2010).This would not be it in fact the role of government and law-making bodies is very decisive here that can introduc e certain laws especially for the workplaces where sexual harassment usually takes place. at a time the rules are implemented, the issue would certainly take a rain check and minimize. Gantt Chart Conclusion Therefore, there are many diversity issues prevailing in the organizations, one of them is sexual harassment that involves the passing of certain remarks, words, jokes, or some physical contact with the other party.Its outcomes are quite gloomy where the performance level of employees goes down, image is tarnished and corporate and ethical principles are violated. The issue can be managed by taking action on-the-spot by the harassee and the employer, and also by implementing powerful rules and regulations. Moreover, encouraging diversity and providing autonomy to both minorities and women must be incorporate within the organizational culture over which every employee would have to act on.This issue is not the one that cannot be stopped and would always happen like others menti oned in the start of the paper, in fact proper measures along with stiff rules for execution would definitely help the companies to nip this problem in the bud and eliminate all the concerns related to it.ReferencesHeathfield. S. M. (2010). Address an Employee Sexual Harassment Complaint. Retrieved on August 17, 2010. From http//humanresources. about. com/cs/workrelationships/ht/sexualharass. htm Heathfield. S. M. (2010). Sexual Harassment. Retrieved on August 17, 2010. From http//humanresources. about. com/od/glossarys/a/sexualharassdef. htm

Bible Essay Example for Free

Bible EssayThere argon m all accounts in the Bible that state idol as the creator. coevals 1 and 2 are both construct stories provided slightly differ in their accounts Genesis 1 is a day by day account of all the things divinity fudge created in not so much detail whereas Genesis 2 explains the entry story in a office that focuses more on the creation of man and woman than just the lands. Having two accounts of the creation story means that it is easier to come up with your own conclusion as to how the earth was created. The first ocellus of Genesis 1 is In the beginning perfection created the heavens and the earth There is no explanation as to where God came from or why He is there, He just exists and creates the heavens and the earth. This al whiz is showing God as the creator. Genesis because carries on to state all the things God created all with no scientific or physical proof or evidence as to why and how God is doing so. So God created man in his own image, in t he image of God he created him male and female he created them This quote is from line 27 and is on the 6th day.The repetition of the word created is enforcing to the reader that God is the creator of everything and this is done so that there is no doubt in the readers mind whether God is the creator or not. God creating man and woman in his own image is showing that we are superior to other beings such as animals which shows that God is the humans superior. Being make in Gods image is his way of blessing the humans in life as we are made in the Creators image. Rule everywhere the fish of the sea and the birds of the air This quote is aphorism that God is passing down his ruler ship on to the humans.This means that God is starting to back away from his previous role and now feels that he has created a world that the inhabitants (humans) can look after. Genesis two is another creation story further has a few differences to Genesis 1. While Genesis 1 speaks a lot more of the specif ics of how and when each part of the earth was made, Genesis 2 speaks a whole lot more about the creation of humans rather than the land. The most time that the creation of land is mentioned is at the beginning of Genesis 2.This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created. When the LORD God made the earth and the heavens- This is the first thing said in Genesis 2 and it is stating that God is the creator. It says that God created both the heavens and the earth there is never any question or vagueness about God creating the heavens and the earth it is all very matter of fact. Although Genesis 2 doesnt always speak of God creating things it often personifies God in such a way that he is planting or making objects.And the LORD God made all kinds of trees bring forth out of the ground- This quote doesnt say that God created the trees but made them grow from the ground, this is essentially saying that He created them as it was the first sighting of trees but is sa id in a different way as so not to force the creation down your throat like Genesis 1 does. This is so that you can come to your own conclusion about which one is more plausible or correct but there is still no doubt as to divinity being the creator. mull over 38 from the Book of Job is a story of how Satan and God have a unlikeness where Satan was saying that Job only worships God because he is prosperous in his life, God then agrees to take away all his possessions and leave him with postal code to show Satan that Job would still worship him even if he was left with nil. Jobs three friends Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar try to comfort Job but they end up doing the opposite and tell Job that the reason for all his losses is because he has sinned and now God is making him suffer.In the end Job has had enough and questions God, this makes God angry and then Job has a better understanding and realises that he should have trusted God all along. God then returns all of Jobs health and po ssession in better amounts than they previously were. This story is God showing his power and his superiority to humans. Where were you when I laid the earths foundation? This is God saying that he is mightier than any human and they do not compare to His power. This is also showing that God is omnipotent and that we know nothing compared to him.This is all enforcing that God is the creator and better than all the humans. Have you ever given orders to the morning, or shown the dawn its place, This is saying that God has dominance over everything in the world, humans and nature. After Gods account of all his majestic lams (such as the world and humans) and power, Job has to acknowledge Gods right as creator to do as he pleases and to not be questioned. Job is essentially the personification of all humans who do not believe god as the creator, Job doubted God and his ability so god became angry this is supposedly what happens every time someone doubts God.Psalm 8 is a phone call ab out the lord God and his creation. You have set your glory above the heavens While this quote form the first verse isnt instantly linked to God being the creator it is saying that God has stated his glory in a way that so far in this sing we do not know yet, we know that God has glory which could mean he has done something great. When I consider the heavens, the work of your fingers Now we start to work out what it is that causes God to have glory, the work of your fingers we are literally told that God has made the heavens with his fingers.This personification of God shows that people saw him as one of them but also appreciated his greater power, this could possibly relate to humans being made in Gods image. you made him a picayune begin than the heavenly beings This quote is, like Job 38, stating Gods dominance over the humans. God made humans a little lower than heavenly beings so that they knew their place and that they were lesser than himself the creator.

Observing Mitosis In The Cells Of Garlic Biology Essay

Observing Mitosis In The Cells Of Garlic Biology EssayAim To cite the introduces of the cell cycle in living tissue, generally and specifically in the meristematic cells of the result of garlic and hence consider the duration of the stages of mitosis in relation to the alone cell cycle.IntroductionThecell cycle, orcell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in acellleading to its division and duplication (replication). In cells with extinct a lens nucleus (prokaryotes), the cell cycle occurs via a process termedbinary fission. In cells with a nucleus (eukaryotes), the cell cycle provide be divided in devil brief periodsinter variant-during which the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis andduplicating its DNA-and themitosis(M) phase, during which the cell splits itself into ii distinct cells, often called daughter cells. The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a one-celledfertilized eggdevelops into a mature organism, as well as the process by whichhair,skin,blood cells, and some internal organs atomic number 18 renewed. 1Figure 1 The cell cyclehttp//adasilva.glogster.com/chapter-10-bio/Mitosis is the process that facilitates the equal partitioning of replicated chromosomes into two identical groups. in the beginning partitioning can occur, the chromosomes must give-up the ghost aligned so that the judicial separation process can occur in an orderly fashion. The alignment of replicated chromosomes and their separation into two groups is a process that can be observed in close to all eukaryotic cells. 2Both the alignment and separation processes are the consequence of the chromosomes interacting with filamentous proteinaceous structures, known as microtubules. The microtubules get organized into a biconical set known as a arbor, which forms early in mitosis, and then disassembles as mitosis nears completion. Mitotic spindles are manifest in living cells with the polarizing light microscope. Some o f the spindle microtubules become attached to the chromosomes at sites known as kinetochores. The kinetochores cannot be seen with the light microscope, but they reside near the place on the chromosome known as its centromere, which can be observed with the light microscope. There are two kinetochores on several(prenominal)ly replicated chromosome (one on individually chromatid), and when the replicated chromosome splits apart at its centromere at the onset of anaphase, each daughter chromosome possesses one centromere and one kinetochore. The linkages between kinetochores and microtubules are thought to be primordial in controlling both the positioning of the replicated chromosome at the central portion of the spindle during the alignment phase, and in moving the daughter chromosomes apart after they split at their centromeres. The separation of daughter cells from each other is a process known as cytokinesis, and is separate from mitosis. In cytokinesis, animal and ingraft cel ls differ considerably from each other. These differences are the consequence of having or not having a cell wall. Cytokinesis in fungi reveals some similarities with plant cells, and exhibits other features unique to the group.2Figure 1 Illustration of the process by which somatic cells mul speckly and divide.http//www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/mitosis.phpThe warning utilise in this investigate is the parentage of garlic where the meristematic cells are actively dividing. Cell division in flowering plants takes place in particular regions of the plant calledmeristems. Cells in meristems are not specialized for any particular function and divide repeatedly by mitosis. Some of the daughter cells remain meristematic others cease dividing and become differentiated into appropriate cell types depending on their position. The root tip meristem is usually a denser white and more round than the cut end. Chromosomes in root tip tissue are made visible with the stain. Dividing cells (if present) will show up understandably with chromosomes in different forms according to the stage of mitosis. Individual chromosomes (as tightly-coiled threads) are visible during anaphase. The links between the cellulose walls of plant cells are broken down by the treatment with hydrochloric acid. This ensures that the stain can penetrate the cells and allows the tissue to be squashed out one cell thick. 3References1 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle2 http//www.life.umd.edu/CBMG/faculty/wolniak/wolniakmitosis.html3 http//www.practicalbiology.org/areas/advanced/cells-to-systems/cell-division/investigating-mitosis-in-allium-root-tip-squash,121,EXP.htmlObjective Mitosis occurs in four phases as a continuous process without break in between the phases. Before mitosis, the cells are in tranquillity during interphase stage. The activity of chromosomes is significant in determining the stages of cell division. Therefore, to observe the chromosomes, the root cells are stained. Ther e are two types of stains officed the toluidine blue stain. The toluidine blue stain causes the cytoplasm to appear light blue in colour while the chromosomes appear dark blue. In this experiment, the cells in the root tip of garlic is squashed, stained and observed under compound microscope to observe the stages mitosis.Apparatus Compound microscope, 2 Watch glasses, dropper, tissue paper, microscope slide, cover slip, forceps, mounted needles, stop anticipate, scalpel or sharp knife, eye protection, small sample tube, filter paper, eye goggles.Materials Toluidine blue stain, 1M hydrochloric acid, 1 clove of garlic with roots, cold distilled waterProcedure1-2 cm of root tips of growing garlic roots are cut off. The root tips are ensured to be chosen from those which are white and have a firm rounded end.The root tips are put into watch glass containing 2 cm3 of 1 M hydrochloric acid for exactly 5 minutes.The root tips are then transferred into watch glass containing approximately 5 cm3 cold water, and left for 4-5 minutes. The root tips are then dried on filter papers.Figure 3 The root tips are transferred into glass with cold waterThe root tips are then transferred onto a clean microscope slide. 4-5 mm of the root tips are cut and kept, while the rest are discarded.The root tips are gently broken up with a mounted needle by a process called maceration.Figure 4 The root tips are break upA small drop of toluidine blue stain is added to the root tips and left for 2 minutes.The tips are covered with a coverslip, and blotted firmly with several layers of tissue. The coverslip is pressed gently to spread the root tip.The samples are then viewed under the microscope (x40 magnifications) and the nuclei of the cells are located.The microscope lens is switched to higher power (x100, x400 and x1000 magnifications and look for cells with chromosomes.Figure 5 The cells are observed under light microscopeThe regularly shaped, actively dividing cells are focused and co unted for every phases of mitosis.The data obtained are recorded and tabulated.ResultsStages Of MitosisInterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseTotalCell counted221533235Percentage62.914.38.68.65.7100Table 1 The stages of mitosis and the respective cell count and percentageCalculation of the mitotic king Mitotic index = number of cell containing visible chromosometotal number of cells in the field of viewMitotic index =InterphaseInterphase is the period where the cell prepares itself before cell division. It is a phase before the mitosis. The chromosomes are uncoiled and it fills the nucleus. DNA replication occurs during this stage. The nuclear envelope is visible the centrioles appear and so do the nucleolus.ProphaseDuring prophase, the replicated chromosomes undergo extensive condensation or coiling. The chromosomes are greatly thickened and shortened but are still contained within the nuclear envelope. Prophase ends with the sudden dispersion of the nuclear envelope. The ch romosomes start to coil, shorten, and become distinct. The mitotic spindle or polar fibers begin to form from the poles of the cell towards the equator.MetaphaseChromosomes line up along the equator of the cell or what is called the metaphase scale leaf. Polar fibers have reached the centromeres of the chromosomes and have begun interacting with them. Each kinetochore, plate like structure of the replicated chromosome is pointed toward one side of the spindle. The replicated chromosomes converge toward the center of the spindle, and once they get there, significant movements cease. On either sides of each centromere are sites for kinetochore microtubule.AnaphaseAnaphase commences with the initial splitting of sister chromatids at their centromeres. These daughter chromosomes then begin to separate from each other, each moving away from the metaphase plate and toward one of the two spindle pole regions. Anaphase ends when the daughter chromosomes reach the end of the cell. Since the sister chromatids are identical copies of the original chromosomes, each pole of the cell will have a set of complete and identical chromosomes as in the parent cell.TelophaseIn telophase, the daughter chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles and are eventually redistributed into chromatin. afterward complete separation of the chromosomes and their extrusion to the spindle poles, the nuclear membrane begins to reform around each group of chromosomes at the opposite ends of the cell. The nucleoli also reappear in what will eventually become the two new cell nuclei. A new nuclear membrane forms. The new cell walls grow to form the two new, identical daughter cells. The cytokinesis process starts to happen in order to complete the division of the two new cells.DiscussionAfter observing the mitosis process, we knew that percentages of the cells in each stage are different. In the experiment using toluidine blue stain, we observed that 22 cells out of 35 cells undergone interphase which covered 62.9% of the cells. There are 15 cells undergone prophase diligence 14.3% of the cells. Metaphase and anaphase have the same percentage which is 8.6%. While 2 cells undergone telophase which covered 5.7%. The mitotic index using toluldine blue stain is which suggest that only 37.14% of the cells in our view were undergoing mitosis and the rest are still in interphase. The percentage of cells in each stage is related to the length of epoch a cell spends in each stage of mitosis. The greater the percentage of cells in a stage, the longer the time spent by each cell in that stage.Based on the table 1, it is clear shown that the largest percentage of cells is found to be at interphase. Interphase is often referred as the resting phase. Interphase is the stage in which the cells prepare themselves to undergo mitosis. Since interphase has the largest percentage of cells, therefore each cell spends the daylong time macrocosm at interphase stage. Metaphase and anaphase occupie s the same length of time and same percentage of cells. This means cells spend almost equal length of time being at both phases. Telophase on the other hand, has the lowest percentage which means the shortest period of time a cell spends is during telophase. Prophase, being the first stage of mitosis has the second base highest percentage of cells. It means compared to metaphase, anaphase and telophase, prophase is the stage of mitosis in which each cell spends the most time. From the results, we knew that most of the cells spent longer time in interphase because cell growth, replication of the chromosomes, and umpteen other activities are taking place during this time. The cells need to prepare first for the mitotic division to occur. On the other hand, based on results on table 2, is it clearly shown that, the sizing of cell during interphase is the smallest among all followed by the size of cell during prophase, metaphase, anaphase and finally the size of cell is the biggest du ring telophase. This is because, during interphase the cell will never grow in size exactly as the cell prepares itself for cell division. Meanwhile, during telophase the cell actually splitting into two daughter cells and it is obvious that the cell would have grown in size.This experiment use the garlic root tips tissue for observing the mitosis process because the stages of development in plant growth can be distinctly observed at this part which is known as meristem. This meristem is actively divided by mitosis. So, every stage of mitosis can be observed clearly. We ensure that our results are reliable because we use 3 samples of root tip. This could minimize the error during this experiment and we can compare the results for each sample. Besides that, we stained the samples using toluidine blue first so that we can observe the chromosomes clearly. We believed that our results are valid because the outcomes from the experiment are the same with what we expect based on the theory and our results are quite similar with the other groups results. non only that, the usage of toluidine blue is reliable, cheaper and easy to handle with. In a way, it is simple and it helps produce results quicker compared to the usage of other staining.ConclusionMitosis can be divided into four different stages prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. In conclusion, the mitosis process is a random process. So, different types of sample will have different length of time for mitosis to complete. different than that, the longest stage of cell cycle is interphase with the highest percentage followed by metaphase and anaphase while the shortest stage is telophase with the lowest percentage. The greater the percentage of cells in a stage, the longer the time spent by each cell in that stage. Hypothesis is accepted.

The Impact Of Vatsu Shastra

The Impact Of Vatsu ShastraShelter is one of the basic needs for Human beings. People pretermit much of their time in their homes. Therefore comfort and environmental conditions atomic number 18 important aspects of a ho character.Vastu Shastra is the science of building and an art of balancing the structure with environment. deep the antique Vastu culture has gained a monumental role in the planning and orientation of re berthntial and commercial buildings in India.However in contemporary India this antediluvian patriarch practice is being termed as myth or mystifying by the majority .Still this f ar proves to be extremely popular with contemporary clients, who insist on their digest being built and designed as per Vastu Shastra.This thesis deals with Vastu Shastras fundamental rules of architecture which are based on now proven scientific facts and addresses them to todays architectural and interior design practices.The aim is to prove that Vastu Shastra has a scientific background with a practical application and is non just a bigo essay .The character is to remove the fears in the mind of the people virtually the misconception of Vastu Shastra and its tenets, the fear created by consultants by threats of destruction, death, disease and miserable biography.Therefore, knowing and applying the rules of Vastu Shastra would be extremely beneficial for every modern day Architect and/or Interior Designer in India.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.1The thesis contains four chapters.The first chapter introduces Vastu Shastra and its rules governed by the various elements of reputation .This chapter discuss the accounting and the present of Vastu shastra in India.The second chapter discusses the occult aspect of Vastu .It is an attempt to reason out why people have an impression of Vastu as a superstition and to enlighten and encourage the reader to study Vastu Shastra wi th an dedicate mind and demystify its occult garb.The third chapter puts forward various issues dealing with environmental relevance of Vastu Shastras rules and their scientific backgrounds. It reveals two important aspects of the relevance of solar nada and geomagnetic get-up-and-go with Vastu .The first rive displays the vector analysis of the varying directional solar animation champaign as implored on stationary geomagnetic flux. The second part explains the correlation between the movement of the sub atomic particles and the electromagnetic flux.The fourth chapter discusses an ideal Vastu layout and overly presents a case study of a contemporary residential project with the application of Vastu rules.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.2Chapter 1.Vastu Shastra in India1.HistoryVastu Shastra is an ancient building science that governed the Indian architecture in the Vedic times. Vastu means build ing and Shastra means the science so in essence it is the building science. It explains the basis of creating posts in respect to its surrounding.Vastu Shastra originated around 3000 BC. It was first mentioned in the ancient Hindu scriptures like Rig Veda, Mahabharata etc.In primitive India, education, medication, horoscopy, astrophysics, occultism, metaphysics and religiousness lived in complaisant proximity, their borders superimposing and one enhancing the other. The rules of Vastu Shastra and environmental reflections in residential buildings were established considering the cosmic influence of the Sun, wind direction, magnetic empyrean of the earth and the impact of cosmos on the Earth. syndicate building design, including its internal and external environment, has customarily been the duty of the architects. Vastu Shastra scriptures were indite in the olden days when architecture was essentially for the rulers, the nobles and for the divine structures. The fundamental arch itectural Rules physical bodyly climate, orientations, functions, planning, etc are now being overlooked by the architects and designers. peculiarly in India, the very fact of buying and owning a house is considered as a sign of high class belonging to community and status in the society.Considering environmental factors in buildings is as old as the architecture, the Vastu and the Vedic Era.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.3With the guidelines of Vastu Shastra the architects can design buildings in much(prenominal) a way that it will bring exhaustively health, wealth and peace to the inmates. Man builds the city so that the city shall build its dwellers. (Bhaskar1998)The upcoming occupation of architecture has outcast the Vastu Vidya or the customary Indian acquaintance of architecture. Vastu Shastra is as aged as knowledge itself, but the practise of the Vastu Consultants is a fairly new and mod ified one, it addresses lonesome(prenominal) a part of this science. It is time Vastu Shastra is make free of its mysterious guise and exhibited as a rational and judicious branch of knowledge.Vastu Shastra is furtherto a greater extent distinguished by the Vastu Pundits (experts) and is termed asThe Edifice Science (implication of the rules of this science while designing a building will assuredly bring peace and prosperity to its occupiers)Vastu Shastra has been acknowledged as a science derived from the study of character and the super inherent by the prehistoric Aryan sages.Vastu Shastra takes into account the influences of the sun, its light and heat. It considers the impacts of earths electromagnetic field, bio-chemical effects in a military man being body, in order to lead a healthy and prosperous life.Advanced study in neuro-science has proved that the Sun, the Moon and the Planets which are the cosmic counter-parts, have a one-to-one relevance to the various fragments of the human brain.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.4Hence, the Vedic formula for the orientation of the dwelling towards the east is to achieve the benefits of the morning sun and a perfect square house with a central dissonant space to avoid the scorching afternoon sun.Various ailments like insomnia, cerebral palsy, hypertension, etc experienced healing in the past 15 years with the service of environmental energy much before it was acclaimed by the scholars of today through the study of Matsya, Mansara and many more epics and were recognised and acknowledged as science for example the soldiery science Dhanur-VidyaThe profession of the designer or the architect is absolutely mistaken with the role of the astro pounder. (Sahastrabudhe 1999)Traditionally the Indian Architecture was acknowledged as unique and was not subject to be analysed by the western examples.The fundamental rules of Vastu Shastra ar e based on two important aspects1. The five natural elements sky, air, fire, water and earth and2. The viii cardinal directions North, entropy, eastside , air jacket, North eastern United States ,North West, South East, South West.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.52.Fundamental concepts of Vastu ShastraThe science of Vastu Shastra considers the world to be comprised of five basic elements termed as Panch MahabhootaVastu Pundits (experts) believed Presence of Life on earth is a result of the balance of these five elements which are present on Earth which is now proven by the modern world scientists. ( Gadge,2003,p.93-96)a.The five-spot elements of the NatureBHUMI (EARTH) The position of Earth is third in order from the sun. Presence of electromagnetism makes it a large magnet in the space with the North magnetic pole and the South Pole as centres of attraction. Every funding and Non living organi sm on Earth is influenced by its magnetic field and Gravitational pull.JALA (Water)-Water is in a liquid form and is arrayed by rain, ocean, sea, and river. It forms a portion of every flora and fauna.VAYU (Air) Air is considered as the foundation of life and is a supreme informant of life. The comfort value of human beings is directly dependant on the balance of wetity, temperature, pressure, mix and the composition of the air and its contents.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.6AGNI (Fire) -Fire is symbolised by light and heat which forms an indispensable part of day and night , climatic conditions, radioactivity, avidity, energy and vigourAKASHA (Space) The space or the sky shelters all the above four elements of nature. It is the primary conductor of all the sources of energy for example light, sound, social energies namely emotional and psychological and cognitive energies namely intuition and i ntellect.There is an unseen relationship amongst all the above five elements. so various human conditions can be improved by considering the effectiveness of these five basic natural forces while designing the buildings. The role of Vastu Shastra is to combine these elements of nature and balance them with the man and the matter. Taking advantage of the gifts bestowed by the nature to make a pleasant living and progress toing conditions thereby promoting spiritual well-being and enhancing health and wealth leading to prosperity and happy livingb.The Eight cardinal directionsVastu takes into comity the eight possible directions after analysing and studying the four coordinal directions- North, South, East and West and four angular directions North East, North West, South East, South West______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page. 7In Vastu Shastra these directions are established with the help of a tool called the Vastu stretch which is a magnetic compass. The building site is first analysed with this tool and later inscribed on the layout to start the process of designing taking in consideration the Vastu principles.Vastu affirms that it helps one to tune with nature and derive its free benefits by honouring the five basic elements and the eight cardinal directions.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.8Chapter 2. The Occult aspect of VastuThere are troika important factors that influence the misconception of Vastu Shastra.1.Personal Motives of the consultantsHuman mind has always been intrigued by the Occult and the supernatural. In a lot of cases the beliefs and faiths of common people have been wrongly apply and ab utilise. It is therefore important to understand when and where should one draw the line .This fear of being a victim to such immoral practices by some Vastu consultants who do not understand the subject but scare people for their advantage has created unbelief of Vastu Shastra in India.The purpose of this chapter is to clear the fears in the mind of the people about the misconception of Vastu Shastra and its tenets, the fear created by consultants by threats of destruction, death, disease and miserable life.The truth is that the original Vastu script is lost and all modern available text are only compilation, this has made Vastu a victim of unscrupulous interpretation.2. Mythological StoriesMoreover the terminology utilize by the ancient scholars while explaining the scientific laws of Vastu Shastra also gives rise to the superstitious aspect of its understanding.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.9In the ancient times, the Vedas ,or the knowledge ,was limited to a particular cast of people, which is why it was difficult for a common person to understand the principles of this science, if explai ned in a scientific way.The prudent ones used the terminology which was easy for the common man to understand so for example, when the scholars had to say that by constructing a window in a particular direction, one can make the most of the early morning sun rays, they would rather say that by placing the window in a particular direction the deity of that direction will bless them with good health and prosperity.Consequently Vastu in India is treated as a religious duty more than art of construction, which leads to the misunderstanding of its concepts.The problem starts when Vastu Shastra is mixed up with religious rituals. The wise men of yesteryears infused religion in Vastu so that people will implement it and practise it in the fear of the supernatural but today it has been misjudged and wrongly accused in the name of religion and occultism. Indian mythology tells stories of the deity of Foundation Vastu Purusha.(refer to fig.1.1)The stories in the Vedas also have a important r ole to play in the misconception of Vastu Shastra. There is a Fascinating story about the Vastu Purusha in the Matsya Purana. According to the Vedas, Vastu Purusha is omnipresent in the entire plot irrelevant to its size. It lies on the plot with its head down and his body folded in a peculiar fashion in order to top of the inning the length and the width of the plot.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.10During his battle with the demons, Lord Shiva got tired and started sweating too much and out of his drops of sweat a cruel looking starved man was born who began to make penance to appease the deity. Lord Shiva finally was pleased with him and granted him his wish to be the strongest and largest being on Earth. He then stood between the Earth and the heavens. Terrified by this devotee the deities and the demons together pinned him down to the earth. Pitying his state Lord Shiva blessed him and made him t he immortal of Vastu and called him the Vastu Purusha. Since then it is believed that the being is present in every plot with the deities and the demons acquiring and ruling different positions on his body.People listen and believe in such stories and overlook the science of Vastu .They do not probe into the details of Vastu science and term it as a myth. Moreover since the knowledge of Vastu was passed down from generation to generation, it has been modified and more and more stories are weaved around it to make it sound more mythological.However ancient Indian scholars were great mathematicians and also had the knowledge of geology this is shown in the coterminous chapter, which explains the rational and practical aspect of Vastu.3. Commercial aspect of VastuToday new flats and apartments in newly constructed buildings are rejected if they are not built agree to the Vastu concepts. In fact if your building is designed with the help of a Vastu Consultant then it becomes a USP to sell the Flats in certain parts of India______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.11Amusingly some buyers come with a Vastu Consultant to check if it suits their personal needs before making the decision of buying the house of their dreams.This forces the builders to employ Vastu consultants without checking the depth of your knowledge and use them as an added tag to sell their Flats who in turn mislead the customers into buying the flats.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.12Chapter 3. Environmental relevance and scientific approach to Vastu.In this chapter I will try to delineate the traditional narrations in terms of basic laws, logic and approach of particle physics, biochemistry and energy dynamics. For correlating the significance of directions and forces in Vastu the following topics are very significant die hard characteristics of solar energy, geomagnetic, flux and thermal variations.1. Solar radiation and its effectsWhenever a structure is created it is exposed to the effects of the suns radiations. In tropical countries the south side suffers harsh heat while the north side breathes in the shadow area this result in the formation of thermocouple in the space and around the house. In the tropical countries South, South East and Southwest suffer scorching heat while the North .North east and North West re important(prenominal) in the cool shadow section. It can be summarised that disturbance is created due to the high imbalance in the natural order of the geometric flux lines, (flux is define as the amount of electromagnetic energy that flows through a unit area per unit time) forming nodes at the intersection of the flux lines. These nodes are points of distorted energy potential. Such dis messs trap the sub atomic particles travelling along the flux lines. These particles start resonating under speci fic conditions and off hazardous micro level radiation. (Mahatme,2003) These emissions have a tendency of working against the existence of life forms. Vastu-Purush-Mandal represents this phenomenon as Yama (Lord of Death).______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.13The thermal imbalance is the main cause in creating obstacles in smooth energy flow through and around the building. The comprehensive remedial measures available in Vastu Shastra try to equalise the thermal difference and provide harmonious and blissful conditions for the dweller.The wise men of the past understood this and tried to derive a solution to offset the disturbance in the south direction by the following measures.1. compact heavy wall on the south side2. Blocking of the openings in the south side3. Avoiding any slopes towards the south4. Orienting the house in such a manner that more open spaces are available in the North and East directio ns5. By planting some trees in the South for availing of humid atmosphere.7. Raising of plinth and compound height in the south direction.If adhered to these rules one can try to create equalise the thermal differentials and create harmonious and balance living conditions within the structure.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.142. Directions and DeitiesThe four main directions namely North, South, East and West represent streams of controlling and negative energies .These directions act as either the source or the sink for energies. (refer to fig 1.3)Hence the orientation and alignment of these forces are prearranged in their zones of impact.Whereas the sub directions vis-a-vis North East, South East, North West and South West represent zones of confluence of two different (positive and negative) energy streams which are at right angles to each other. Any disturbance in the flow of these energies trigger s turbulence in the flow of the energy which is aligned to the primary direction.The Vastu Pundits combined the positive north and east directions with the negative south and West to determine the effects of the sub directions.These directions were then associated with the positions of the deities depending on the results of the effects of the energies.North East + + residence of GodNorth West + desirable directionSouth East + Not desirable directionSouth West residence of Demon______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.153. Scientific Approach to VastuBelow we will examine several examples which strongly stand for the fact that Vastu Shastra is based on whole scientific evidence and can be beneficial to the human race.The following Vastu Shastra rules can be easily misunderstood without a rational explanation.Rule 1. each(prenominal) direction has a Presiding deity .Since Wealth God rules the North and the Sun God Aditya rules East direction, the window openings of the house and also the placement of the water armoured combat vehicle should be in the North East direction to welcome the lord, who will then be pleased and will bless you with the healthy and prosperous lifeThe scientific explanation to the above statement is as follows.The sun rises in the East and hence the suns rays emit more light and less heat .Sun rays in the morning are a rich source of vitamin D, which are A vital component in formation of healthy bone. Water is disinfected by UV rays, as the genetic material is altered in bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which destroys the harmful micro organisms example E. Coli. (Hwaa irfan, 2001). If UV exposure is dozed carefully, it has protective effects against cancer (Severn,2001 p.1). Various diseases are cured using the UV radiations, for example rickets, psoriasis, eczema and jaundice.So when one has openings in their house towards the East direction, it allows the early morning sun rays to enter the house and these are the ultra violet rays which when penetrate in the house and bestow their benefits keeping the inmates healthy and fit.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.16A healthy and fit person can think and work more efficiently leading to a higher earning and a prosperous life. Now if the openings are created in the opposite direction, then it could be detrimental to the health, as the afternoon rays are the infra red rays, which are strong and harmful.Rule 2.The beds should be placed in such a way so as the head of the person should be in the south direction. The deity of death resides in the South, so one should not face this direction while remaindering, as it invites death.The explanation to the above statement can be found in the earth magnetism. The earths magnetic field runs from South Pole to north pole, so if you sleep in the akin fashion then you are aligned with the magnetic flow .Now studies show that Human head and north are both positive poles (Ritu 1999) due to which they repel each other hence it is favourable to sleep with the head in the south for a sound sleep. Sleep disorder leads to a lot of health problems______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.17Chapter 4.Contemporary Indian Architecture and Design1. Ideal Vastu HouseIn India a home is not just a shelter for human beings, it is called as Manushyalayawhich means human temple. As per Vastu both house and temple are sacred spaces so a house should be designed with the same concept as the temple.A house design with an open courtyard system was a national pattern of India before the introduction of the western concepts. The battle array of the built spaces is the basis of creating a spiritual environment needed for the well being and prosperity. Figure shows an ideal layout of a perfectly square b uilding with a superimposed modular Vastu grid of 9 x 9 forming 81 squares meant for a family. The centre space Brahmasthan is supposed to be the nuclear energy field which should be unbuilt and kept open to the sky to connect with the outer space Akasha. The central courtyard is not for the living purpose it can be used for cultural and religious rituals. The next rows of squares which are adjacent to the centre space are to be used for a walkway and the corner squares are to used for the specific rooms.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.18Following are the directions with the deity that presides them and the specific rooms to be built respectively. (refer to fig 1.2)Direction Deity presiding the direction Suggested roomsNorth East Dharma(God of righteousness) Prayer roomNorth Kubera (God of wealth) Living roomNorth West Vayu (God of wind) Guest Bedroom, ToiletEast Indra (God of Gods) BathroomWest Varuna (God of water) Childrens bedroomSouth Yama (God of Death) hive away roomSouth East Agni (God of Fire) Kitchen and dining roomSouth West Niruthi (Goddess of demons) Master bedroom2. Case study of a contemporary Vastu HouseVastu House By Khosla Associates in Bangalore, IndiaThe space planning in this house was designed in harmony with the Vastu orientation and placement concept called Vastu Purusha Mandala .______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.19To design within driven predetermined rigid locations specified as per Vastu yet to arrive at a visually stunning and aesthetic architecture was the biggest challenge of this project. Rising lazily from the North East which was the lowest point to South East which was the highest point of the house, it was built on soft split levels.The trees in the open courtyard are beautifully weaved in its linear horizontal and cantilevered roof .The massive stretch of glass blu r the spatial boundaries between enclosed space of the house and the open space of the garden.As one strolls down the open living spaces one can experience a sense of infinity, these spaces are divided with sliding bifold doors and certain spaces do not have any barrier at all.All the main areas were positioned as per Vastu Shastra. The Master bedroom is located in the Earth Zone (South West), the location of the kitchen is in the fire zone (South East) and in the zone of water and air (North and North East) was placed the swimming pool. The main door was in the North East and the Childrens bedroom was in the West. Even the position the staircase, the orientation of the bed, study prorogue and wardrobe and position in the bathroom lavatories were designed in accordance of Vastu principles and the flow of the energy.The location of this house is strategically placed near a busy street a small in-house office for the Master of the house is positioned near the main road.______________ ________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.20The entrance to the office is covered by the canopy of some old trees one makes a way paving through them. These trees act as a visual barrier to the rushing traffic on the main road.The black steps which are carved from a local granite leads one from the spacious living room into the courtyard which is open to sky, perched in the centre are some ornamental trees .The roof is cladded with local Mangalore tiles. The support for the roof is hand carved rocknroll columns which are innovative and functional and carry the load of the roof through the diagonal steel struts. Taking advantage of the beautiful climate the dining table is placed in a semi-outdoor space.The first floor which is accessed through a wooden staircase has a large sitting area with a fitness centre. The bathroom has huge glass windows with lots of natural light leading to a massive walk in closet. There is an inter esting amalgamation of luxuriousness and Vastu exposed cover ceiling with rough stone steps and court gravel with polished concrete floors contrast well with fine teak furniture, Italian marble and silk and satin furnishings. The park looks interesting with the lap pool on side and on the other side a large rough cut log forming an outdoor dining table to dine under the shades of the giant banyan treeThis is a classic example to show that a house built with Vastu rules does not restrict the creativity of a designer instead presents a challenge to achieve the spiritual atmosphere within a concrete beauty______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.21ConclusionTo sum up the argument of this dissertation, Vastu Shastra has fascinated some and irritated others but it has intrigued everybody (Gandhi 2006)The first chapter explains the laws of Indian architecture and clarifies its fundamental concepts. The second chapte r explains the misconception of terming Vastu an occult by rational and scientific method. The third chapter throws light on the metaphysical aspect of Vastu Shastra. The fourth chapter explains an ideal Vastu layout with the help of a case study.The dissertation with the help of scientific proven facts clarifies the wrong image of Vastu Shastra and encourages the Architects and Interior Designers to have an open mind and look at the insights of Vastu Shastra instead to writing it off in the name of occult practise.Todays Architects and Designers can take the responsibility to educate this science to the common man (Sarkar 2007)The building science has its presence all over the world in different forms and they all have their own principles. From Vitruvius theory to Feng Shui to Vastu Shastra all these sciences are from different parts of the world but they all have the same message. The main purpose of building science is to lay down some guidelines for the architects to design bui lding in harmony with the nature and taking advantage of the prevailing natural gifts of sunlight, wind, cosmic energy and to make a habitat which is beneficial to the inhabitants and make their life happy and prosperous.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.22BIBLIOGRAPHY1. CHAKRABARTI, V., 1998.Indian Architectural Theory. London Curson.2. DWIVEDI, B., 2004. Sampuran vastu shastra. rude(a) Delhi Diamond pocket books.3. GAUTAM, J., 2006.Latest vastu shastra (some secrets). New Delhi Shakti Malik.4. MALGRAVE, I. AND FRANCIS, H., 2006.Arhitectural Theory. Oxford Blackwell publishing.5. PATRA, R., 2006. A comparative study on vastu shastra and Heideggers, building dwelling and thinking. Asian philosophy, 16(3), 199-218.6. SAHASRABUDHE, N.H. AND MAHATME, R.D., 2000.Mystic science of vastu. Slough New Dawn press.7. SARKAR, B. , 2008.A practical approach to vastu shastra. New Delhi Atlantic publishers.8. SINHA, A ., 1998.Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras. Journal of cultural geography, 17(2), 20.______________________________________________________________________________A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.23

Major Problems in Mexican American History Essay -- Mexican History Cu

Major Problems in Mexican American HistoryMexicans have been a people long oppressed. That is evident not only by the readings edited by Zaragosa Vargas in Major Problems in Mexican American History, but besides by the the documentary Chicano. The Mexicans past is underscored by conquest of the present-day American Southwest first by the Spanish and then by the United States interest the Mexican American War. With other countries establishing control over them, Mexicans have never really been able to establish themselves. Efforts were repeatedly made to shape them into what others perceived them to be. The verbiage they should speak, the religion they should practice, the things they should learn, and the way they should live, were all decisions that for many years Mexicans did not have the power to control. This lack of power allowed the Spanish and the United States to take advantage of Mexican rights, labor and land. In addition, it also produced a loss of Mexican identity and culture. Mexican American history began in the16th century under Spanish colonialism. The Spanish had a goal of conquest and colonization. Evidently, that goal was successfully accomplished because when the Spanish first arrived in 1492 Mexicos population was fourteen million, but by the intercept of the 16th century it had drastically declined to one million. Numbers decreased because of the cruel treatment, forced labor, and disease brought by the Spanish. The Spanish eventually controlled most of the territory in the Southwest and over three hundred towns had been established for the purpose of control and conversion. The Spanish imposed conditions on the natives of Mexico that would belittle them. They aimed to convert them in order to curb them re... ...heightened sense of self and group identity. The term Chicano encouraged Mexican Americans to take pride and interest in their history of struggle in America. It is when dealing with this stop in Mexican-American history that the documentary Chicano steps in for Vargas, better explaining the movement that occurred. Mexican Americans distinguished themselves at home and abroad during World War II and worked toward political, educational, and social equality in the country they defended. ...La Raza Mejicano Espanol Latino Hispano Chicano or whatever I call myself. I look the same. I feel the same...I cry and utter the same. I am the masses of my people and I refuse to be absorbed. I am Joaquin...The odds are great but my spirit is strong...My credence unbreakable...My blood is pure...I am Aztec Prince and Christian Christ...I SHALL ENDURE I WILL ENDURE

The Internet Market In Kuwait :: essays research papers

umteen competitive securities industrys have been appeared in Middle East lately, and specially in Kuwait. The One which I will discuss is the Internet competitive market in Kuwait . Internet has been a great demand in all over the world. In 1992, The ministry of communication in Kuwait provided the internet service. Since there was no community attraction toward the internet, the price of the provided service was pretty high. Since this company was the only one produced a certain markets product, they had inflated the price to the absolute highest cost that batch would still pay. Because of that, there was an absolute need for competition. Competition lowers the price because of the competition for costumers. Moreover, the provided service by the only company didnt have the quality that worth its price, wish the lines were always busy or even if you get connected to the network the connection drive wouldnt be higher than 2400 bps. Companies were rarely thinking of joining this market, because the get along of people demanding this service was unstable, and depending just on the high educated class or the university. all over the last 6 years, the demand of the internet has greatly increased, and many competitive companies showed up to satisfy the consumers demand. Many companies started to break the monopolization of this market, and the price has been dropped incredibly. Thus, the demand of this market started to raise up again. This competition among companies also raises the quality of the products because if a company put little technology and capital into their output, consumers would not demoralise from them, rather they would buy from the competition. In my own opinion, the companies would receive better advantages if they made a special discount for students.The Internet Market In Kuwait essays research papers Many competitive markets have been appeared in Middle East lately, and specially in Kuwait. The One which I will discuss is the Inte rnet competitive market in Kuwait . Internet has been a great demand in all over the world. In 1992, The ministry of communication in Kuwait provided the internet service. Since there was no community attraction toward the internet, the price of the provided service was pretty high. Since this company was the only one produced a certain markets product, they had inflated the price to the absolute highest cost that people would still pay. Because of that, there was an absolute need for competition. Competition lowers the price because of the competition for costumers. Moreover, the provided service by the only company didnt have the quality that worth its price, like the lines were always busy or even if you get connected to the network the connection speed wouldnt be higher than 2400 bps. Companies were rarely thinking of joining this market, because the number of people demanding this service was unstable, and depending just on the high educated class or the university. Over the la st 6 years, the demand of the internet has greatly increased, and many competitive companies showed up to satisfy the consumers demand. Many companies started to break the monopolization of this market, and the price has been dropped incredibly. Thus, the demand of this market started to raise up again. This competition among companies also raises the quality of the products because if a company put little technology and capital into their output, consumers would not buy from them, rather they would buy from the competition. In my own opinion, the companies would receive better advantages if they made a special discount for students.