What roles did faith and reason play in the intellectual life of the Research Paper

What roles did faith and reason play in the intellectual life of the Middle Ages - Research Paper Example With this, the paper will explore the concept between faith and reason and how they contributed to the development of knowledge has been studied. With outcomes gathered from the said exploration, this paper came with the conclusion that not only did faith and reason function as a harmonious duo during the medieval era, both also needed each other in the first place to prosper and contribute to the intellectual life modern society is enjoying today. The Middle Ages is a timeline collection of many developments. Specifically, it was both a dark and colorful combination of social reconstruction, formed conflicts in the foreign landscape and the revolution and optimization of many different aspects in the society (â€Å"British History: Middle Ages†). Nevertheless, despite the bombardment of many occurrences, one important point of study regarding this period in history is the status of the time’s intellectual life. The construct that makes this a worthy object of attention lies in two molding factors—faith and reason. These two is said to have governed the intellectual presence of the middle ages. The main purpose of this paper then seeks to uncover what roles did faith and reason play in the medieval times that produced the level of intellectual outcome that defined the Middle Ages. Faith and the Medieval Times The discussion of the middle ages, as a point in history, is oftentimes associated with the prosperity of the Christian faith and its consequent contribution in the development of today’s theological thinking. Given that this particular faith is not shared by all of members of today’s population, the interpretation of the Middle Ages in relation to faith differs across academics, critics, historians, and the like. This difference can be considered as a problematic factor in the study of that point in history. The phenomenons where interpretive analysis of the medieval times has differed in extremes have been properly ackn owledged with a term. As per the work of Van Engen, the Christian Middle Ages could be considered as a â€Å"historiographical problem† (519). For others like Gilson, and similarly with that of Brown, focus of the work on the specific point in time has been devoted to attributing the full development of Christianity and the total characteristic of the faith during the middle ages. The bottom-line with this particular focus is that Christianity has played a major role during that time--affecting many aspects of societal life. Listening to Reason in the Middle Ages On a similar stance, reason during the Middle Ages has also been given an equal amount of attention by scholars and academics alike. The work of Alexander Murray has vastly tackled how reason affected the society during the given period. More importantly, the particular work has contrasted itself to be another definition of the medieval ages. Whereas the period was prominently known to be an era of faith due to its c entralization of Christianity, Murray has also given emphasis that reason also governed the said stage (page number). The work of Edward Grant has supported the previous author’s contention as he set his focus on the reason-oriented developments of the Middle Ages (1). In so doing, Grant have detailed that it was during the Middle Ages that the pillars of today’s politics and government have taken the form. Particularly, the emergence of â€Å"the nation state, parliaments, [and] democracy† (1) during the time could be viewed as the source of development for the governance of present day nations. Moreover, it was also during the same stage that foundations of commerce and banking have been established. However, if these achievements be tallied, the

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Example for Free

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Patient confidentiality is essential in developing a trusting relationship between a healthcare worker and the patient. Confidentiality means that the patients personal and medical information that is given to a health care provider will not be disclosed to others unless the patient has given permission for the information to be released (Confidentiality, 2014). There are situations where a breach of confidentiality may occur and is acceptable. These situations include information when an individual has been diagnosed with a specific disease, such as Tuberculosis or an injury, such as a gunshot wound. Other situations may be when there is evidence that the patient may cause harm to himself or others. The nursing profession is one that promises to abide by the laws of patient confidentiality. Protecting the patients’ rights is guaranteed by both common law-which is the decisions of the courts, and statute law-which is passed by Parliament (O’Dowd, 2014). This commitment to the patient helps preserve high quality care for that patient, as disclosing important information between the patient and nurse, is essential for the patient to receive the appropriate medical care. Patients put their trust into the nurse, as they expect the nurse to respect their privacy, when that trust is broken, the relationship between the nurse and patient declines. Losing the trust is one of the ethical implications that may occur when a breach of confidentiality occurs. Other ethical implications that can occur are disciplinary action by the employer, disciplinary proceedings under the health professionals regulatory statute, and a fine may be imposed (Patient Confidentiality, n. d. ). Pamela G. Nathanson wrote an article in reference to an episode of NBC’s ER which reveals an ER nurse who faces an ethical dilemma in regards to patient confidentiality. The ER nurse has made a promise to two fourteen year old girls that she will not disclose any medical information to their parents. The girls trust the nurse that she will keep her promise; therefore, they disclose their personal concerns. One of the girls test positive for a serious medical condition, at this point, the ER nurse has reached an ethical dilemma. She needs to make an ethical decision as to whether or not she should disclose the information to the young girls’ parents. In this situation, the ER nurse has made the appropriate decision to have a breach of confidentiality and inform the young girls’ parents of their daughters’ medical condition. In understanding ethical theories and/or ethical principles, this has assisted the ER nurse in making the correct decision. Ethical theories and principles guide individuals in making decisions. When using ethical theories to determine an appropriate decision, the theory must be directed towards a common set of goals, which are ethical principles (Rainbow, 2002). The ER nurses’ goal is to ensure that the young girl receives the appropriate medical treatment for her condition. Ethical principles that can relate to this situation are beneficence, which is to do what is good and least harm, which is to do the least harm to an individual. In looking at ethical theories, using Deontology and Utilitarianism is useful in that Deontology relates to the nurses obligations and duties to disclose the information and Utilitarianism relates to being able to foresee the consequences of actions if the information is not disclosed. A utilitarian looks at what is the greatest benefit for that individual (Rainbow, 2002). When an individual is confronted with an ethical dilemma, using an ethical-decision making model is useful. This type of model assists in breaking down all the facts and individuals’ involved in the dilemma and helps to develop possible alternatives to address the dilemma. It guides ones’ decision making from an objective, cognitive perspective, rather than an emotional perspective (GCU, 2014). In the article discussed, the ER nurse can incorporate an ethical-decision making model to make the most appropriate decision. First is to address who is involved and what the actual dilemma entails and identify the ethical dilemma. Next, she can look at the situation at hand and determine how her own personal values see this issue and determine what alternatives can be used to help resolve the dilemma. Once the alternative actions are decided upon, the ER nurse can look at each one and decide if they conflict with her own personal values. If so, she may need to get another health care provider involved to eliminate any biases. In the article, the nurse is advised by the physician that the girls’ parents need to be informed; therefore, guiding her into making the appropriate decision. The next step is to prioritize the acceptable alternatives from most acceptable to least acceptable. The alternatives in the articles dilemma can be 1). The young girl informing her parents herself. The implication with this alternative is that most likely she will not inform her parents. 2). The nurse informing the parents of their daughters medical condition. The implication here is that the patient will not feel she can trust the nurse; however, by choosing this alternative, the decision is in the best interest of the child and 3). Not disclosing information at all. The implications here is that the minor child will not receive the appropriate care needed which will cause further harm. The significance in using this model is to ensure that the appropriate ethical decision is made. Ethics committees are available as well to assist and guide when ethical dilemmas occur. In regards to the article, an ethical committee can discuss the alternatives and make recommendations, still keeping in line with the patients’ rights. These committees focus on issues of morality, patient autonomy, legislation, and states’ interest. They have a significant influence on decision making and the power to influence a judge or jury (GCU, 2014). Ethical dilemmas will always be in a health care professionals’ daily work. Using ethical theories and principles will guide health care professionals in making the most appropriate ethical decision. Following these theories and principles will ensure that the patient is receiving the best quality care that they deserve. References

Threats to Democracy :: essays papers

Threats to Democracy What threats to "Democracy" presented themselves during the first few decades of independence? How did leaders of the U.S. solve these problems? During the first decades of our premature nations' existence, it is hard to imagine that the United States would evolve to become such a great democracy. A democracy others would prefer to believe with hypocrite reasoning. When the U.S. first won its independence it was a united group of people left to fend for themselves. This group was to become a nation and creating it involved more than winning independence from Great Britain. In 1783, the U.S. was a country forming in its premature stages. By 1787, this baby begins to develop, to become a nation. By 1787, people perceived that their constitution represented what the people desired the U.S. to be; well at least the Federalists presumed this. The Anti-Federalists watched for signs that threatened their "republican principals" for which they so recently had fought the American Revolution. After winning the war the unity and optimism among Americans did not translate easily or smoothly into the creation of a strong central government. The Federalists and Anti-Feds were very opposed to eachother's views. By the late 1700's and early 1800's, a deep political division had occurred amongst the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Anti-Federalists were mostly from the South, and were labeled "Jeffersonians". Their label came from the fact that they defended slavery and third President, Thomas Jefferson, was known for owning herds of black slaves. Southerners held agreed with many of Jefferson's views. The Anti-Feds, Republicans, believed in strict interpretation of the constitution, peaceful foreign relations, and a reduction of the role of the federal government in the lives of average citizens. They were opposed to a strong central government and felt states should hold the power to govern. The Federalists believed that the constitution should be loosely interpreted and that America should follow the spirit of it to make laws and judgements. Federalists wanted to organize the states so a strong federal power could govern over them in order to keep enough power for the economy, war and ruling. Many were opposed to this form of government because it so closely mimicked that of Great Britain. Between these t wo diverse groups, their followers split the nation. The United States was geographically split North from South.

History of Science Analysis Paper -- Science Sociology

History of Science Analysis Paper Europe’s Age of Enlightenment was a time of new scientific theories, discoveries, and technologies that powerfully affected, even shaped, society. As technological advances became widespread after the Industrial Revolution, this interactive relationship between science and society accelerated. Reflecting on the social and scientific changes they were witnessing, Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) and Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) sought to grasp the nature and consequences of a central interest of the Enlightenment, Progress. In his 1857 work, Progress: Its Law And Course, Spencer sought to understand Progress by cleaving it from its accomplishments and laying bare its essentials. Central to this task was dispassion as Spencer set aside consideration of the moral and ethical consequences of Progress and sought only to observe and describe its nature and effect. Such observation, he declared, showed that the nature of biological Progress had been revealed. To him biological progress was indisputably an evolution from homogeneity to heterogeneity. This â€Å"law of organic progress† he took to be the â€Å"law of all progress†. Applying this notion to social phenomena, Spencer maintains that human history is just such a progression, an evolution from homogeneous social structures to heterogeneous ones. Accordingly, Spencer maintains that government, commerce, language, literature, arts, religion, and even the various scientific disciplines over time inevitably have grown more intricate and specialized. Writing about the distinct social classes and their structure, Spencer notes that after the Industrial Revolution, because people started to have much more specific jobs , commu... ...Bartlett, John, comp. Familiar Quotations, 10th ed, rev and enl. By Nathan Haskell Dole. Boston: Little, Brown, 1919; Bartleby.com, 2000 (for birth and death years) Bowler, Peter J., and Iwan Rhys Morus. Making Modern Science: a historical survey. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2005. Print.\ Carlyle, Thomas. â€Å"From Signs of the Times: â€Å"The Mechanical Age†Ã¢â‚¬  Modern History Sourcebook. 1998. Web. 29 Sept 2010. Spencerr, Herbert. â€Å"Progress: Its Law and Cause.† Modern History Soucebook. 1997. Web. 28 Sept 2010. Weinstein, David, "Herbert Spencer", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta  (ed.), . (for birth and death years)

The Deadly Happiness of Mrs,. Mallard

Modes of Analysis Character Analysis on Story Of An Hour The Story of an Hour is short story in which many things happened during that hour. With in an hour the main character Mrs. com/story-hour-sorrowful-woman-plight-women/" class="ilgen">Mallard experience emotions that she never felt before in her life. During the process of the story we begin to see a character that is weak sick and summited to society regiment. At the moment of the unexpected, Mrs. Mallard showed a different aspect of herself. We tend to react in the different prospective ways when an unexpected event happens.We tend to have a close look at our real selves. The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin reflects the dramatic process of Mrs. Mallard’s character through the death of her husband. It also demonstrates that the true identity cannot be sheltered forever. Mrs. Mallard character had a distinctive personality. A woman who summited her self to the mental abuse of her husband and she became sick from all the hurting she kept inside (227). She remains quiet during her life not allowing anyone to know her deepest thoughts. She was not free to do as she wanted. Mrs.Mallard had the desire of getting in touch with the world outside and to be able to speak when ever she wanted to. The detail I am interested in the most is the reaction of Mrs. Mallard toward the saying â€Å"Free Body and Soul free! †(228). It is not easy to understand her reaction. I think that reaction is the result of her inside conflict in which she hesitates about how to determine her own feelings. She doesn't know how to react, she should feel sorry about the death news, but she feels happy about freedom (228). At the beginning, when I saw her reaction about the news of her husband death, I began to analyze the character.At the beginning of the story, I saw a cold hearted character, as I continue reading; it became cleared to me that Kate Chopin was trying to send a message through her story. In the beginning of t he 19th century, this reaction was unacceptable in society. However through the modern readers' eyes; her reaction is the explosion of her true feelings which were repressed for a long time. During the time line in which the story was based on, a wife had to be subservient to her husband and her life was confined to the house. Women in those days were not permitted to divorce; the only way they would acquire liberty was by becoming widows.A traditional role like that, makes Mrs. Mallard consider her marriage as a burden and she feels free when she gets to know about her husband's death. That’s the reason Mrs. Mallard became joyful when she heard the news of her husbands death. I think that she felt overwhelmed with her everyday life of a servant, with complete dependence on Brently his decisions and maybe his dominance. To me it seems that the character of Mrs. Mallard is a person who is disappointed with the harsh reality of her everyday living, and that she is also subconsc iously looking for a chance to escape from an unhappy marriage.She loved her husband and sincerely cried for him when she hears of his death, but at the same time she is happy to acquire her freedom again(228). Through Mrs. Mallard reaction, I can see that she suffers a lot from her married life. Mrs. Mallard tries to use her will to beat the feeling of freedom and the desire for independence, but her will loses, and her true feeling takes control over her thinking. As a result, her reaction is different from what is usual and expected. Her exclamation of freedom impact the readers, because of the unexpected reaction of Mrs.Mallard, by Chopin allowing this expression in the story it helps the reader understand the inside struggle of her own life. Mrs. Mallard is a vivid character that identifies the life of Chopin. It indicates her private needs, emotion and expectations which she kept inside. Chopin lived in an era where women were not heard. Personally, I think that the saying fre e is the reaction that expresses the feelings about society condemnatory ways to women. To Mrs. Mallard it is like a prison having to be under the oppression of her husband authority.She had lived under the control of her husband, with little identity and time of her own. Maybe to under his imposed private will it was confusing for her ability to identify herself. The expression in the reaction helps the reader identify more strongly with her need for individuality. I also can identify with Mrs. Mallard with myself: she is a lady who sacrifices herself for her husband. Her reaction shows that despite a lot of suffering, she is willing to maintain the wife role the last moment. She only dares to let her true feeling pour out after she hears of his death and in a place away from public view, in her room (228).Her saying tells me that in her life she has never experienced such a moment of great joy, happiness and excitement like this. Later on in the story, she received the disappointm ent of her life when she learns her husband was alive. That brought her to her death which in another way she became free of her oppression (228). When I read this story for the first time, it seemed to be a story of many unpredictable details. To me, the story is still highly appreciated until strict social bias and peoples expectations about gender roles in general and marriage in particular are denied completely.

40 Twitter Hashtags for Writers

40 Twitter Hashtags for Writers 40 Twitter Hashtags for Writers 40 Twitter Hashtags for Writers By Simon Kewin If you use Twitter, you’re probably already familiar with the idea of hashtags. These are simply a way of categorizing particular tweets by including within them a keyword prefixed with the hash or â€Å"pound† (#) symbol. So, for example, tweets containing writing advice will often contain the â€Å"#writetip† tag. The point of this is to make it easier to find all tweets containing writing advice : you just search for â€Å"#writetip†. Similarly, you could find a stream of publication tips by keeping an eye on tweets with â€Å"#pubtip† in them.   Using relevant hashtags in your own tweets also increases the likelihood of others seeing your post and becoming a follower. They’re a great way to engage with a particular community of Twitter users.   The following is a list of some of the hashtags that will be of interest to writers. The list can never be exhaustive because anyone can invent a new tag at any time. Most are self-explanatory, although some need explanation :  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   #amediting  Ã‚  posts from people who are editing #amwriting  Ã‚  posts from people who are writing #askagent  Ã‚  agent questions and answers #author #authors #editing #fictionfriday #fridayflash  Ã‚  flash fiction on a Friday #nanowrimo  Ã‚  national novel writing month #novels #novelists #poem #poet #poets #poetry #pubtip  Ã‚  publication tips #publishing #scifi #selfpublishing #vss  Ã‚  Ã‚  very short story #webfic  Ã‚  web fiction #weblit  Ã‚  Ã‚  web literature #wip  Ã‚  Ã‚  work in progress #wordcount #writegoal #writequote #writer #writers #writetip  Ã‚  writing advice #writing #writingtips  Ã‚  writing advice #wrotetoday  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Some hashtags are specifically â€Å"chats† – which means they work in the same way as all tags, but are mainly used at certain agreed times :  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   #journchat #kidlitchat #litchat #scifichat #scribechat #storycraft #writechat #yalitchat   Ã‚  young adult literature chat  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   The following spreadsheet is a good place to keep track of the schedules for these Twitter chats if you’re interested in joining in :   http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=ruaz3GZveOsoXUOOt86B3AQ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Formâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Market to Your Preferred Readership

Market to Your Preferred Readership What do you lead with when you publish a book and broadcast news about it? What is the first line of your promotional copy? What leads on your website? How do you word your social media? If its 99 cents for a limited time, you are choosing to market first to those who gravitate to cheap prices instead of those who want a great story. If its FREE for a limited time, you are catering to those who often want something for nothing.   You may argue with me, but hey, you decide what you think will grab the most attention of your customer base. If you start with price, then you think they make their choices with price. If you start with a story hook, then you cater to the reader who doesnt let price dicate their reading choices. There are other options: -Begin with setting, like I often do with Edisto Beach, to grab tourists and beach readers. -Begin with the authors name, assuming you have a burgeoning platform of readers awaiting your next story. -Begin with the genre: mystery, romance, sci-fi, young adult, etc. But out of all of those, many authors, especially new ones, begin with the price. You might reconsider that choice.   If you lead with price, you also may turn aside the serious reader . . . that reader willing to pay the bigger price. These days, that price isnt all that much, especially with ebooks. At the risk of stepping on the toes of many of my indie-published readers, you tell the world that income and price is your driving force for writing . . . not a legacy to the world of stories. I came to this conclusion as I was going through so many emails, Facebook posts, and small press advertisements, deleting all the ones that began with FREE or 99 CENTS or REDUCED FOR A LIMITED TIME ONLY. These days we are deluged with DEALS. So many deals, in fact, that the word has the potential to cheapen.   Instead, when I consider a book, I look for recommendations, blurb endorsements, taglines, and a great gotcha hook in my genre. I want to know what others think of the book. With my TBR stack numbering 50 not including whats on my Kindle, and so many stories pushed out daily, I want to read a good one. Price may not grab a large number of people, but great word-of-mouth always will.

Cancer Nanotechnology Essays

Cancer Nanotechnology Essays Cancer Nanotechnology Essay Cancer Nanotechnology Essay Going small for big Advances Abstract At present there are wide varieties of Technologies, which are vastly being used to analyze biological cells to diagnose diseases and develop methodologies to cure diseases. One such technology is Nanotechnology’. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. Its difficult to imagine anything so small, but think of something only 1/80,000 the width of a human hair. Ten hydrogen atoms could be laid side-by-side in a single nanometer. Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter on this miniscule scale.The emerging field of nanotechnology involves scientists from many different disciplines, including physicists, chemists, engineers, and biologists. Nanotechnology will change the very foundations of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Nanoscale devices used for treatment of Cancer are based on the constant study of cancer cells and nanotechnology. Nanoscale devices which are smaller than 50 nanometers can easily enter most cells, while those smaller than 20 nanometers can move out of blood vessels as they circulate through the body.Because of their small size, nanoscale devices can readily interact with biomolecules on both the surface of cells and inside of cells. By gaining access to so many areas of the body, they have the potential to detect disease and deliver treatment in ways unimagined before now. Since biological processes that lead to cancer occur at the nanoscale at and inside cells, nanotechnology offers a wealth of tools with new and innovative ways to diagnose and treat cancer. In our paper we design a device that contains sensors, transceivers, motors and a processor, which are made up of biodegradable compound.No more destruction of healthy cells due to harmful toxins and radiations generated through chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Introduction The paper deals with the eradication of cancer cells by providing an efficient method of destroying and curing the cancer so that healthy cells are not affected in any manner. This technology also focuses on a main idea that the patient is not affected by cancer again. The purpose of using the RF signal is to save normal cells. Nanotechnology in this contextNanotechnology refers to the interactions of cellular and molecular components and engineered materials at the most elemental level of biology. This paper emphasizes on the effective utilization of Nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer. What is cancer? Cancer cells are different from healthy cells because they divide more rapidly than healthy cells. In addition, when cells divide at an accelerated rate, they form a mass of tissue called a tumor. These cancerous cells that come in excess amounts cause many problems to the bodies of patients.In general, the most common methods used for the cancer treatment are u Chemotherapy, a treatment with powerful medicines u Radiation therapy, a treatment given through external high-energy rays. Problem Both the treatments mentioned above are harmful. Healthy cells are destroyed in the process. As a result, this leaves the patient very weak, causing him not able to recover quickly to medical treatments. It has been proved that any individual who had cancer can survive on deadly chemotherapy up to a maximum of five years and after that it’s anybody’s guess.Proposed solution The nanodevices can be programmed to destroy affected cells and kill only them, thus ending the problem of destroying any normally functioning cells which are essential to one’s well-being. Thus the treatment-using nanotechnology will make the affected man perfectly normal. Noninvasive access to the interior of a living cell affords the opportunity for unprecedented gains on both clinical and basic research frontiers. Nanotechnology and diagnosticsNanodevices can provide rapid and sensitive detection of cancer-related molecules by enabling scientists to detect molecular changes even when they occur only in a small percentage of cells. Cantilevers Nanoscale cantilevers microscopic, flexible beams resembling a row of diving boards are built using semiconductor lithographic techniques. These can be coated with molecules capable of binding specific substrates-DNA complementary to a specific gene sequence, for example. Such micron-sized devices, comprising many nanometer-sized cantilevers, can detect single molecules of DNA or protein.As a cancer cell secretes its molecular products, the antibodies coated on the cantilever fingers selectively bind to these secreted proteins. These antibodies have been designed to pick up one or more different, specific molecular expressions from a cancer cell. The physical properties of the cantilevers change as a result of the binding event. This change in real time can provide not only information about the presence and the absence but also the concentration of different molecular expressions. Nanoscale cantilevers, thus can provide rapid and sensitive detection of cancer-related molecules.Nanotechnology and Cancer therapy Nanoscale devices have the potential to radically change cancer therapy for the better and to dramatically increase the number of highly effective therapeutic agents. Nanoscale constructs, for example, should serve as customizable, targeted drug delivery vehicles capable of ferrying large doses of chemotherapeutic agents or therapeutic genes into malignant cells while sparing healthy cells, which would greatly reduce or eliminate the often unpalatable side effects that accompany many current cancer therapies. NanoparticlesNanoscale devices have the potential to radically change cancer therapy for the better and to dramatically increase the number of highly effective therapeutic agents. In this example, nanoparticles are targeted to cancer cells for use in the molecular imaging of a malignant lesion. Large numbers of nanoparticles are safely injected into the body and preferentially bind to the cancer cell, defining the anatomical contour of the lesion and making it visible. These nanoparticles give us the ability to see cells and molecules that we otherwise cannot detect through conventional imaging.The ability to pick up what happens in the cell to monitor therapeutic intervention and to see when a cancer cell is mortally wounded or is actually activated is critical to the successful diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Nanoparticulate technology can prove to be very useful in cancer therapy allowing for effective and targeted drug delivery by overcoming the many biological, biophysical and biomedical barriers that the body stages against a standard intervention such as the administration of drugs or contrast agents. Working procedure:The initial step of identifying the cancer and the location can be done by scanning. Once the location has been identified through scanning, the task is to position the nanodevice to the exact location. We focus on the positioning of the nanodevice into the required location by itself. The nanodevice is allowed to be placed into any part of the body (or) the nano device is injected through the blood vessel. The positioning is done with the help of mathematical calculations. External Control signals could be used to avoid mishap or any other errors. The nanodevice is loaded with a microchip.The device is also provided with the compounds concealed so that it is initiated externally through a computer. The nano device contains sensors, motor, gene reader, processor, transceiver, camera and power supply. The location of the cancer cells is given as coordinates in a 3-dimensional point of view. This point is considered as the reference and referred as (0, 0, 0). Positioning The nanodevice performs an internal calculation based on the difference between its current position and the reference. Mathematical computations involve such that only one axis is compared between the nano device and the reference at a time.The motor fan is placed in a particular direction for a particular reference comparison. After one of the axis is completed and comparison is done, then the next axis is being compared followed by the third. Thus the three co-ordinate comparison of the nano-device results in any 3- Dimensional orientation of the nano-device and results in exact positioning. Navigation The output of the mathematical operation is given to a driver circuit (motor). The driver helps the device to navigate through the blood with precision in direction and with the required speed.The device thus should sample its new position with the reference at a sampling rate. The sampling rate is made such that their value is less than the velocity of blood flow. The cancer killer could thus determine that it was located in (say) the big toe. If the objective were to kill a colon cancer, the cancer killer in the big toe would move to the colon and destroy the cancer cells. Very precise control over location of the cancer killers activities could thus be achieved. The cancer killer could readily be reprogrammed to attack different targets using acoustic signals while it was in the body.Algorithm for navigation: Ste11: Marking the co-ordinates. Step2: Initialize the start command. Step3: Feed the axis. Step4: Send command to emit ultrasound. Step5: Wait for T seconds. Step6: If there is no signal reflected back (or) if the reflected signal is less than the threshold value, then activates the stepper motor to rotate through a certain distance. (Note: the distance is proportional to one axis) Step7: Subtract the axis value by one. Step8: Continue from step4 to step7 for both co-ordinates. Step9: If the signal reflected back is greater than the threshold value then the motor is de-activated.Step10: The motor (perpendicular to motor1) is activated. The motor2 moves through one step thus making the motor1 to change the axis. Step11: The motor1 is allowed to travel until next change is required. Step12: Once the nanodevice reaches the required spot, the motor is deactivated through external command. Step13: Receives the RF radiation for T seconds that has been already calculated depending upon the intensity of tumor Imaging With the available technology, a camera is inserted which helps us to monitor the internal process.Whenever multiple directions are there in the blood vessel, the device is made to stop through the external control signal and another signal is given to activate in the right direction. Current clinical ultrasound scanners form images by transmitting pulses of ultrasonic energy along various beam lines in a scanning plane and detecting and displaying the subsequent echo signals. Our imaging is based on the absolute scattering properties and in the frequency dependence of scattering in tissues, which will help to differentiate between normal and abnormal cells. IdentificationThe nano device identifies the cancer cells using a gene reader. A gene reader is a sensor which contains ten to fifty DNA probes or samples of cancer cells that are complementary. The DNA detection system generates an electronic signal whenever a DNA match occurs or when a virus causing cancer is present. Whenever we get a signal indicating the presence of cancer cells we go for further process. Once the device has been originally located, the next step is the destruction of the cancer cells. Destruction: We can remotely control the behavior of DNA using RF energy.An electronic interface to the biomolecule (DNA) can be created. RF magnetic field should be inductively coupled to nanocrystal antenna linked covalently to a DNA molecule. The inductive coupling results to the increase in the local temperature of the bound DNA, allowing the change of state to take place, while leaving molecules surrounding the DNA relatively unaffected. The switching is fully reversible, as dissolved molecules dissipate the heat in less time duration. Thus RF signal generated outside the body can destroy the affected DNA. Rf heatingThe treatment tip contains the essential technology components that transform RF to a volumetric tissue heating source. The heat delivery surface transmits RF energy to the cells. Tumors that have little or no oxygen content (i. e. hypoxia) also have increased resistance to radiofrequency radiation. Thus, due to high resistance to radio frequency radiation the affected cells get heated and hence destroyed. The RF carrier frequency is in the biomedical range (174 216MHz). A pair of RF pulses is transmitted at a frequency of about 1-2Hz. How nano device escapes from immune system?Generally our immune system attacks all the foreign particles entering any part of our body. The problem has been that such nano particles are similar in size to viruses and bacteria, and the body has developed very efficient mechanisms to deal with these invaders. It is known that bacteria with hydrophilic surfaces can avoid being destroyed by immune system and remain circulating in the body for longer periods. To emulate this effect, our nano device can be coated with a polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), Which is proved after the research. Conclusion:As per our aim we have proposed the usage of nanotechnology and the RF signal for the destruction of cancer cells. This method doesn’t affect the healthy cells such that the cancer affected person is healthy after the treatment. This treatment doesn’t involve critical operations. This treatment will not take longer time as in any other treatments. Surely one day or the other cancer treated patient will be affected again treatment. This can be very well used for other dangerous diseases. Name : R. Ramesh College : k. c. g college of technology Email address : [emailprotected] com

Bad breath Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bad breath - Assignment Example feces; skatole- smells like feces; cadaverine- smells like Corpses; putrescine- smells like decaying meat; isovaleric acid- smells like sweaty feet; trimethyl-amine urea- smells like fish. All these chemicals generate bad breath or halitosis and therefore it is emerging as a big social and economical concern for millions of Americans. In order to have excellent oral hygiene the spend millions of dollars and this is also generating concern amongst dentists and physicians to promote such measures to prevent halitosis and further complications that results due to poor oral hygiene. Oral hygiene is the root cause of primary health and bad oral hygiene may result in an invitation to numerous diseases. 2. What modern cures are available for halitosis? How does chewing gum work to prevent halitosis? Is chewing gum a modern treatment for halitosis? Explain. Discuss three natural remedies for halitosis and why they seem to work. Once the presence of halitosis is established, the affected individual ordinarily wishes to be rid of the condition. Basic oral hygiene encompassing- regular flossing and brushing cannot be underestimated as a preventive. The gingivitis medication chlorhexidine , an antimicrobial agent sold by prescription in U.S.A is quite effective against halitosis. Unfortunately, it can also discolor teeth, impair taste and generate oral ulcerations. These effects, though reversible, preclude the use of chlorhexidine for more than a few days at a time. Other cures encompass, tongue cleaning, an ancient oral hygiene practice from the Far East that is still popular there and that is catching on in the West. One early antidote mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud is gum mastic which may be the same ladanum referred to in Genesis. Gum mastic is the resin of the Pistacia lentiscus shrub, which is still cultivated for this purpose on the Mediterranean island of Chios. Modern synthetic chewing gums have largely supplanted mastic. Interestingly this resin is known to

Motivation is a very important force that affects and directs our Essay

Motivation is a very important force that affects and directs our behaviour. As a consequence, it is a vital factor for teachers to understand and apply in the - Essay Example Alcott’s, Little Women. Two different interesting books written by two women driven by their passion in writing intended to impart a part of their lives for the society. L.M. Alcott unlike J.K Rowling with her magical adventure, L.M. Scott’s Little Women was about her childhood. She used her own childhood to appeal to the hearts of both young and old embarking on self-expression and women’s rights. Also, her novel draws the public because it’s story of real people struggling to achieve life’s happiness along with it, to learn life’s lesson (Lkwdpl.org, 2006) Ofofegbu (2004) asserts that teacher motivation is equated with the attitude of a teacher concerning work. It has to do with teacher’s desire to participate in the pedagogical processes of the school environment. Moreover, it is concerned with teachers interest in student discipline and control particularly in the classroom. It can determine the involvement or non-involvement in academic and non-academic activities, which operate in schools. The teacher, is the one that translates educational philosophy and objective into knowledge and skill and transferring it to students. Classroom climate is important in teacher motivation. If a teacher creates a safe, healthy, happy atmosphere in the room with supportive resources and facilities for teaching for optimal learning, he/she tends to participate more than expected in the process of management, administration, and the overall improvement of the school. The teacher takes charge and projects the image of one who improves knowledg e and the physical conditions of the classroom through orderliness, discipline and control. He makes a diagnosis of students feelings and attitudes inferred by their behaviour and response in the classroom environment. Classroom management, curriculum, instruction, and teacher–student relationships must create a social context that sets up the pattern for successful

Management, Work and Society People, Management and Business Essay

Management, Work and Society People, Management and Business - Essay Example As the trade transactions have immensely increased, traders are compelled to find new sources of human power. In the words of Phillips (2009), for every business, an experienced and skilled worker is an invaluable asset and hence employers are willing to retain such employees at any cost. As a result, modern marketers offer improved worksite environment as long as possible. Similarly, the demographics factor also plays a crucial role in determining the future of work force. The UK government has also realized the increased need of human power in future so that it gives great emphasis employees’ healthcare. In addition, day to day developments in technology also greatly contributes to employees’ interests. For instance, improved technological developments minimize the workload to a large extent. The increasing participation of female workers in UK workforce also indicates a prosperous future work. With intent to improve the work future, employers have made considerable c hanges in work schedules and they pay higher attention to ensure that the implemented changes best suit the interests of the employees. In the opinion of Williams, â€Å"Foramalisation and commodification of work is seen to be increasingly taking place with an open world economy† (Williams, 2009). ... International Labour Organisation, unemployment occurs when people have no jobs although they actively searched for opportunities within the past four weeks. Evidently, employment rate plays a vital role in determining a country’s level of economic growth. A lower unemployment rate clearly indicates the faster development of the economy (Sesric reports). When the unemployment rate is higher in a country, the government is forced to declare additional incentives and subsidies in the employment sector and this situation impedes the rapid economic growth of the country. Hence, it is necessary to create adequate job opportunities in a country so as to effectively employ the maximum potentials of available human resources. However, it is observed that 2.49 million people in the United Kingdom were unemployed in 2009 and it was the highest figure recorded since March 1995. According to Office for National Statistics, in the 12 months ending June 2010, the unemployment has varied bet ween 2.9% and 14.1%. The people over 60 are most likely to be unemployed in UK since the employers believe that employees of this group cannot adequately contribute to the sustainability of their firms. The termination of experienced and skilled employees on the ground of age limit intensifies unemployment rate in UK. The higher unemployment rate causes far reaching consequences in a country. When a country possesses large number of unemployed citizens, it adversely affects the nation’s stature in the global market; and thereby foreign investors hesitate to invest with the nation. Similarly, if the nation is unable to produce adequate employment opportunities, people tend to look for jobs abroad; this condition will seriously impinge on the increased need of human resources that would arise

American Indian Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Indian Movement - Research Paper Example The revolutionary movement attracted the attention to the FBI agents that set out to destroy them. In the 1970s, there was a conflict between AIM and the FBI agents. Later on, the leaders were tried in court. The paper will highlight the history of the movement using the perspectives of different sociologist authors. Only few sociologists chose the study of American Indian or a Native American population in the country. Some of the reasons on why the topic is popular could be the Indians represent a small group that 1980s statistics illustrates 1 percent of the entire American population. Sociologists perceive that areas of ethnicity, race, and intergroup relations lie in the conflict of the natives to gain citizenship in American society. Most of the sociologists are aware of the Indian problem that is the principal public issue that faces the United States. The story of how Indians change in the view of the dominant society from being a major impediment to the growth of United States to being a minor irritant to the Western states and communities is a fascinating, sociological, historical, and political endeavor that deserves more attention from sociologists than it has received. Josephy (1982) Now That the Buffalos Gone: A Study of Todays American Indians is a culmination of thirty years association with the American Indians. His memoirs explain their needs, concerns, and problems in a personal, revealing, and historical way. The book has seven chapters where three are historical, and three are contemporary, and one projects concerning the future (Josephy, 1982). Each chapter examines a major contemporary Indian concern. Some of the issues explored include Indians will endure, Indian self-determination, hunting and fishing rights, water rights, racial stereotypes, land rights, and spirituality (Josephy, 1982).Each chapter presents a tie of past policies to the present concerns. Indian people voice their feelings, speak, dreams, and frustrations in a

Assess and discuss Hospital Equipment Libraries giving consideration Essay

Assess and discuss Hospital Equipment Libraries giving consideration to current Medical Equipment Management guidance and policy - Essay Example These equipment assist and impact on the ability of the health organizations in effectively treating, monitoring and supporting patients care and in the general management of their respective medical conditions. It further allows proper management of healthcare in facilities and community settings by facilitating self-care for patients in difference circumstances. The hospital library operations functions are in tandem to the current medical equipment management guidance and policy. Medical equipment libraries are managed by clinical engineering team who ensure that all equipment are available for loaning any time of the day. They therefore, ensure provision of quality healthcare services by providing this equipment to the patients and staffs that need them in their service provision (MHRA 2013). To ensure that equipment are safeguarded in the libraries, medical management guidance and policies are important. The world health organization is one of the bodies that recognize the important of health organization having in place appropriate policies that can better address issues pertaining to equipment in the hospital libraries. These policies and guidance help to foster good governance in health organization which later impacts positively on the delivery of health services. Technology is advancing at a fast pace and many medical facilities are embracing these technologies. The technology has enabled positive performance of services but led to increase in prices (Device Bulletin DB2006 (05), 2006). Accessing medical care among many people earning low salary is out of their rich. The medical equipment management policy need to factor such issues in their plans to ensure that they provide good health care service to all people that requires good health. Policy guides management on various stages of equipment life cycle, including acquisition, utilization, maintenance as well as disposal. Therefore,

American Indian Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Indian Movement - Research Paper Example The revolutionary movement attracted the attention to the FBI agents that set out to destroy them. In the 1970s, there was a conflict between AIM and the FBI agents. Later on, the leaders were tried in court. The paper will highlight the history of the movement using the perspectives of different sociologist authors. Only few sociologists chose the study of American Indian or a Native American population in the country. Some of the reasons on why the topic is popular could be the Indians represent a small group that 1980s statistics illustrates 1 percent of the entire American population. Sociologists perceive that areas of ethnicity, race, and intergroup relations lie in the conflict of the natives to gain citizenship in American society. Most of the sociologists are aware of the Indian problem that is the principal public issue that faces the United States. The story of how Indians change in the view of the dominant society from being a major impediment to the growth of United States to being a minor irritant to the Western states and communities is a fascinating, sociological, historical, and political endeavor that deserves more attention from sociologists than it has received. Josephy (1982) Now That the Buffalos Gone: A Study of Todays American Indians is a culmination of thirty years association with the American Indians. His memoirs explain their needs, concerns, and problems in a personal, revealing, and historical way. The book has seven chapters where three are historical, and three are contemporary, and one projects concerning the future (Josephy, 1982). Each chapter examines a major contemporary Indian concern. Some of the issues explored include Indians will endure, Indian self-determination, hunting and fishing rights, water rights, racial stereotypes, land rights, and spirituality (Josephy, 1982).Each chapter presents a tie of past policies to the present concerns. Indian people voice their feelings, speak, dreams, and frustrations in a

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-sections and Longitudinal Re Assignment

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-sections and Longitudinal Research for Measuring Life Course Changes - Assignment Example As seen in the work of Quadagno (2014), cross-sectional research is advantageous as is allows making comparisons between diverse aged persons of different age cohorts. This is to mean that the researchers can ask similar questions to different persons then make comparisons from the responses given through analysis and evaluation. Secondly, cross-sectional studies are advantageous as they have the capacity to survey the age differences in the attitudes and the conduct of the aged (Quadagno, 2014; Settersten & Angel, 2011). This explains the extent to which the cross-sectional studies are valid in an assessment of the aged. However, the cross-sectional studies as indicated by Quadagno (2014) and Settersten & Angel (2011) have the disadvantage that they do not have the capacity the changes that occur as the person's age. The studies, therefore, is a key concept in gerontology. As seen in the research conducted by Grenier (2012), longitudinal research is the most appropriate way of studying the age. First, Quadagno (2014) indicates that through the longitudinal research, it is possible that the researcher traces the development of them as they progress over time. The second advantage of the longitudinal research revolves around the fact that this kind of research, is better placed for differentiating between the age, period as well as the cohort effects. However, the major disadvantage of longitudinal research as Quadagno (2014) writes relates to cost issues. Since the longitudinal research involves tracing the development of individual overage, the researcher may incur lots of costs in an attempt to follow-up progressive growth of individuals. In this perspective as well, it is important to note some of the persons may even die prior to completion of the research. Conclusively, the past events of  the life of an aged person play a role in gerontological research. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies contribute a great deal to the study of the aging population.  

Ethnic Background Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Background Essay My name is Stephanie Flowers and until this class assignment I never thoughtfully considered what my actual ethnic background was. After looking up the meaning of my last name I found it to be of Welsh origin. This means that I could possibility trace my family roots back to Great Britain. After reading chapter one of Race and Ethnic Relations I discovered that being a part of a certain ethnic background does not mean that you have to be part of that race, but you have to practice the common cultural traditions of that subculture. So based off of my name some people might think that I was English. I grew up with a few household traditions that I consider to be a part of my ethnic background. To begin with, I would consider my family to practice Irish traditions. We always have huge St. Patrick’s Day party at my house that turns into an all-day drinking and eating celebration. I might not know all the reasons behind this celebration and what I consider a part of my family tradition, but it is still a part of my ethnic background in my opinion. Drinking is a big part of being Irish and in my family most celebrations do involve some type of alcohol. In Irish culture it is normal to introduce alcohol to children before the actual drinking age, I think this is good because we grow up with this around us and never take consumption of alcohol to extremes because it such a part of everyday life. I am would also consider myself to be of German ethnicity. My family has a good luck tradition for New Years. We eat pork roast and sauerkraut in hopes that the next year will be filled with lots of happiness and joy. I personally love this tradition and get upset when I sometimes only get to eat this meal once a year. It is one of my top five meals to eat that my grandma cooks. Being from the United States of America I do think that I have picked up so many different traditions from all of the friends that I have had throughout my life. This is why I love living in this country I get to experience so many different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. My boyfriend is of the Catholic religion, his family maintains this culture by attending mass for Christmas, Easter, and whenever they feel the need strengthen their relationship with god. This is the way that they maintain their ethnic background. They are a common group of people who believe the idea that they all share the share cultural heritage. This stems from his Irish background where Catholicism is the main religion practiced in that country. So to me this is the way to stay in touch with being from Ireland even though they now live in America. My cousin Rachael is half Mexican. Her mom was an immigrant and came to this country to start a better life. I love getting to go to their house in Texas; her mom makes the best Mexican dishes. What I have noticed from her Mexican culture and ethnicity is that food is a way of bringing the family together, it is a time of bonding in their household. I believe that by cooking traditional Mexican food it keeps her in touch with her roots and makes her feel better connected to her homeland. After doing this assignment I am very interested in doing more research on my family roots and discovering more about who and where I came from. Like it says on the Ancestry. com commercial, â€Å"you don’t have to know what you’re looking for; you just have to start looking. † So that’s what I am going to start doing. Also, I would like to conduct interviews with the elderly people in my family and possibility start filling out my family tree, which would be an easy way to connect the dots of my family history. I will still continue to maintain my Irish and German background by drinking on St. Patrick’s Day and eating pork roast and sauerkraut. I am very proud to be an American and I wish I didn’t take all of the rights that I have in this country for granite.

Ethics Of Sex Appeal In Advertising Media Essay

Ethics Of Sex Appeal In Advertising Media Essay This treatise puts forward the reality that advertisements with sexual undertones are remembered over and over again than advertisements that are not. The question to ask though is, how ethical is it to make use of sexual appeals in advertisements? And does sex really sells? Social comparison theory as instigated in 1954 by Festinger is used as the theoretical scaffold in this study as this premise states that individuals who have a longing to appraise their views, judgments and abilities can be satisfied by social comparisons with other people. At the end of this write-up, it attempts to recommend to media and advertising practitioners, that they need to apprise the audience who will be viewing their ads before putting sexual innuendos into their respective advertisement pieces; that they need to recognize the moral intricacy of sexual appeal in advertising and integrate that understanding in their strategic thought and when designing their commercial pieces. Quoting Henthorne and L aTour, (1994) as saying that, as the ethical considerations of society change over time, what is considered appropriate and acceptable in advertising must also change (p.88). Therefore, this study shares the idea of how imperative it is to incessantly reassess what society would consider suitable and consider the full level of consequences of their actions before advertising practitioners start considering what they make out as ethically acceptable. Introduction Every media consumer is alert to sex in advertising. Its pervasive use and misuse are constantly before us, and typically elicit strong criticism (Richmond and Hartland, 1982, p.53). As anyone can see, the employment of sex in advertising has been in our midst for several decades and the reason for it? It works. Advertisements with sexual undertones are remembered over and over again than advertisements that are not. The question to ask though is, how ethical is it to make use of sexual appeals in advertisements? Does sex sell? Actually, sex does not sell, but sexiness does (Cebrzynski, 2000, p. 14). By means of sex appeals in advertising is a good way to aim at specific market segments but not all. Questions like what is identified as sexual appeals in advertising? Where and when should sex be used? Does the use of sexual appeals lead to an advantage for brand remembrance? must be addressed exhaustively. Sex and the Media Today, sex permeates advertising in the United States and in many countries all over the world as contemporary society is extremely fixated with the demonstration of sex in the media as never before. The issue of whether sex sells could be countered by screening the massive quantities of billboards and classified ads which integrate some form of sex appeal or nudity (Pynor, 2004, p. 42). Several reasons have been provided with the use of sexually oriented themes, among them are to achieve product and brand attention, recognition, recall, and sales (Alexander and Judd, 1978, p. 47). Observably, sex is utilized to sell a wide array of products from cars to fashion products, and is meant to attract not only the male customers, but female, consumers as well. The employment of sex as an instrument in advertising can be traced back to the 1800s when the advertising industry noticed the beneficial effect of using degrees of sexuality in their advertising drives. These economic gains include above all else an increase in revenue due to the point of difference that sexual schemes provide for the product. Sometimes, the use of sex also affords shock-value that frequently triggers social debate and helps in the product promotions continuing recall. Author of The Erotic History of Advertising Tom Reichert has this to say Many real-life examples from the 1800s to the present exist to suggest that it has worked, and does work, to inflame not only consumers libidos but their motivations and desires to make purchases. In some cases, sex in advertising contributes to the building of strong, vibrant and long-lasting brands (Reichert, 2003, p. 9). As it is, the incessant use of sex in advertising from the 1800s until these days is a demonstration of the fact that it is an effective tool that works for advertisers. Literature Review Sex Appeal in Advertising Advertising is one of the most prolific and all-encompassing forms of communication in the world (Reichert, 2003, p.20). This type of company to customer communication lifts several concerns about the ethics of advertising because its practice is very convincing and powerful (Treise and Weigold, 1994). Advertising has turned to become an excellent way for business firms to create a positive image for them and for the public to easily adapt to such image. Image creation is a public relations approach that has increasingly aimed young adults and teens because they are not interested on conventional direct advertising (Goodman and Dretzin, 1999), obviously, advertisers target the demographic group of young adults and teens because they account for a huge amount of American consumer spending. The practice of utilizing sex appeal in advertising is nothing new. Sexual images (nudity) can be found in advertisements as far back as the late 1800s and in the early 1900s, it was used to sell soaps, perfumes and creams. These advertisements claimed to transform any woman to become sexier for a mans pleasure and as sex advertising boomed in the 40s and 50s, controversy abound. Until today, a lot of business enterprises find sex appeal as an effective tactic in advertising. When Maidenform bras began to use models with their shirts off, it became the number one bra company and when Jovan fragrance used sexuality to sell its product, company revenues soared from $1.5 million to $77 million in just seven years (Reichert, 2003). In a 1981 study conducted by Reid and Soley, advertisements were more likely to be appealing and immediately recognized if an attractive endorse is used (Severn and Belch, 1990). In another survey, 32% of consumers confessed that there is strong likelihood of them buying a product if it uses an advertisement with strong sexual undertones (Fetto, 2001). Capitalizing on the idea of sex appeal, people sell their products with the notion that such product is for sexy people and to own that specific product can make any person sexy. Such sexiness can be depicted through the clothes being worn, the models poses, the lighting being used in the advertisement, positioning of the models or in their facial expressions, location used, and interaction. Likewise, companies employ this idea to connect the company image with allure and prestige. As it is, sexuality associates brands with sexual activities and increased attractiveness, something desired by consumers (Reichert, 2001/2003). Although the argument that wanton sexual appeals generate off-putting results because of perceptions of disreputable and scheming practices is basic and extremely valid, it also assumes a deliberative, cognitive mechanism. Past research investigations have found that the process of judging whether a persuasive message infringes ethical standards or not demands cognitive effort (Campbell and Kirmani, 2000). Yet end users characteristically spend little time and effort when viewing an ad (Sengupta and Gorn, 2002; Burnett and Moriarty 1998; Kassarjian, 1977). Hence, it is imperative to understand reactions to improper sex appeals under thin slice processing (Ambady, Bernieri, and Richeson, 2000), such as when consumers view ads under constricted cognitive capacity. Without a doubt, unstructured, spur-of-the-moment, uncontrolled responses may be quite different from more cautiously considered responses in the sphere of sex-based advertising. Recent research by Sengupta and Dahl (2008) examined non-deliberative reactions to the gratuitous use of sex in advertising. Men and women in these experiments were placed under high cognitive load while viewing an ad that showed an unequivocal sexual image and a nonsexual image. Unlike previous research that has found that both men and women abhor the gratuitous use of sex in advertising, a gender difference surfaced under constrained conditions, that is, men preferred more the advertisement containing a sexual image (compared to the nonsexual image) whereas women reported considerably adverse mind-sets toward the overtly sexual ad compared to the nonsexual advertisement. Basically, sexual imagery sets off an emotional response or reaction. In other words, viewers are, all things being equal, favorably energized by sexual information (Reichert, 2007, p. 6). With this in mind, advertising organizations employ sex in several different ways to try and convince and influence end users to purchase a product. Individuals seek out and are willing to pay for sexual content in mainstream media (Reichert, 2007, p. 7), an example of this reality is the sale in millions of copies of Cosmopolitan and Maxim each month. These magazines ads have become more competitive and risquà © due to the idea that an ad needs to be noticeable and must draw attention. Some advertisers may push the boundaries of acceptable sexual content because of direct competitive pressure. Certain product marketers utilize a higher proportion of sexual appeals than other marketers because of the nature of the product and the relevance of sex to product benefits (Reichert and Carpenter, 2004). Another approach being used to draw customer attention is the idea that upon purchasing a product, such will make the buyer more sexually attractive, or can have more sex or can have a better sex life (Reichert, 2007), thus, people who are seeking for such qualities are more likely to pay for a product if the ads are sexually evocative. Gender Expression, Sexuality and Advertising This rather outmoded depiction of gender and expression of sexuality continues to be exploited in modern-day advertisements principally because it is an unbeaten prescription that brings in financial incentive and this will continue as long as women believe even if only for a brief moment that acquiring the advertised product will bring them one step closer to attaining the unattainable. As what was pointed out: those who are dissatisfied with their looks, their bodies, their status, make great consumers (Lee, 2003, p. 134). Furthermore, Nancy Etcoff (2000) sums it up well: to tell people not to take pleasure in beauty is like telling them to stop enjoying food or sex or novelty or love. This is an impracticable likelihood because to like and to want is instinctive in human character. Advertisers are intensely conscious of this as they create advertisements filled with representations of dazzling, extremely sensuous women. Women as Primary Focus? For many decades, numerous people believed that women are the major focus of sex appeals employed in advertising, however, this is not necessarily correct. It is true that women look as if they are the target most recognized in sexual appeals, but men have been targeted more recently. If women have often been the targets of sexual advertising, it is because it appears to work in many cases. As it is, sex is a potent and a convenient method of obtaining male attention and making a product desirable and in advertising, it is easy to get a mans attention by using womens bodies and associate it to the idea of getting the women as well if he buys the product (Taflinger, 1996, p.8). The most well known target of women as sexual appeals has been in beer commercials. Usually the ads go something like this a beautiful woman is sitting at a bar and a man comes up and she does not notice him at all. Then he orders a certain kind of beer and all of the sudden, he is desirable to this woman. They then get caught up in the moment and ultimately the man gets this woman (because of the beer). Another example of the man getting the hot woman because of a particular product that supposedly makes the man more desirable to the women is the AXE advertisement. AXE is a body spray for men. In the commercial, the men who use AXE get beautiful women. In fact, AXE is so effective that if in any way you come in contact with this body spray, you will be instantly wanted. There is also a commercial which features an old man getting a young, hot woman because of the AXE effect. Women are exploited repeatedly in advertising as sex appeals. But, some do not become conscious that these advertisements are often aimed at women as well. Victorias Secret is a classic example of this. Advertisers obviously want women to think that if they purchase Victorias Secret products, they could look like those stunning, sexy endorsers on the commercials seen on television or in the print ads. Obviously, these bra and panties are not going to look very good on just anyone, however, at first glance, a woman could think, wow, she looks splendid; I should get that outfit so I can look that good too. In truth, women are not the only focus in sexual appeal advertising. Men play a huge part as well. According to Taflinger (1996), It is rare for advertising to use sex as an appeal for women. Women are often less interested in the sex act itself for its own sake. They are interested in sex for what it can mean in the future. They may enjoy it as much as men, but for them it has far greater significance. Advertising cannot take advantage of a womans instinctive sexual desire because advertisings job is not to build for the future-it is to sell a product now (p. 6). Here, Taflinger attempts to elucidate the fact that women are not interested in sexual appeals on television, rather, they are interested in sex for their future. Although this seems to be correct in some instances, it is questionable when thinking about all of the ads that target men as the sex selling object. Sex Appeal and Product Branding Sex in advertising can also produce positive mind-sets and sentiments about the ad or product brand. Using catchphrases are huge in the industry along with sexual overtones. A popular example is Las Vegass tagline what happens here, stays here (Reichert, 2007). This is very indicative and interesting; people want to go to Vegas so they can find out for themselves what its all about. Sex in advertising is controversial and it is vital to reflect on consumers outlooks and points of view. While many feel there is too much sex in advertising (Treise and Weigold, 1994), most people feel that if sexual commercials are crafted with relevance and aptness, these are more likely to be accepted (Gould, 1994; Treise and Weigold, 1994). Innately, concerns and apprehensions crop up when sex appeal usage are viewed by unintended (Gould, 1994). Similar disquiet appears when advertisers target teens and young adults with these advertisements. There are concerns that these advertisements are venerated by young people and teach these young adults improper conduct (Reichert, 2001). Negative facets of this target audience advertising consist of women idolizing the sexual models being used to endorse a product and compare themselves to the advertisements (Gould, 1994). In a survey, 55.2% of respondents agreed sexual advertisements influence a teens decision to be sexually active (Tre ise and Weigold, 1994). However, the idea in advertising is give and take; the media learns from teens and teens learn from the media (Goodman and Dretzin, 1999). One cannot exclusively say who manipulates whom, so much so that even though end users anxieties arise, sex continues to be used as an powerful advertising approach. Reichert and Carpenter found that the level of sexual advertisements has remained constant from 1993 and 2003; the only thing that had increased was the females level of dressing as it has become more provocative and sometimes offensive (2004, p. 828). It is fascinating to note that some research investigations found the degree of sexuality actually increased over time. Reichert and Carpenter (2004) conducted an extension of a study that evaluated the degree of sex in 1983 and 1993. Magazine advertisements particularly were content analyzed from 2003 and compared with the issues of the previous years. The general outcomes signified that women not only persisted to be represented in a sexual manner, but that the degree of sexuality increased over time. For instance, advertising became extensively more overt from 1983 to 2003 and clothing (or lack of it as the case may be) largely contributed to this. Results revealed that in 1983 only 28% of female models wore sexually explicit clothes. This rose by 75% in 2003 when 49% of models were dressed in sexual attire. Thus, in 2003 virtually half of the models featured were shown with less rather than more clothing to be exact, in 2003 almost 4 out of 5 women who appeared in ads were sugge stively dressed, partially clad, or nude (Reichert and Carpenter, 2004)). Moreover, the images of women that were most sexually explicit were featured in mens magazines. As Linder (2004) found, general interest magazines, such as Time contained the least degree of sexualized images, when compared with magazines aimed predominantly at men and women. The increase of sexuality over time could be associated with the likeness of products that are available today. It is presumed that in 1983 there was not such an immense collection of products available on the market, and therefore did not need to be distinguished from each other to such a great degree. Furthermore, in those years, advertisers were rendered inadequate by the capability of computer graphic technologies. This is definitely not the case today and advertisers frequently resort to stimulating images to make a distinction between similar products. Particularly, according to Reichert and Carpenter, specific merchandise are promoted in a more sexual manner due to the character of the product, such as fragrance and clothing (although clothing is also often used as a means to sexualize other products). Theoretical Framework People are continuously evaluating themselves with others and this is certainly no exception when addressing advertising, particularly among women. According to Stapel and Blanton (2004), an important source of self-knowledge comes from other people. Human beings maintain a sense of who they are by contrasting their own capabilities and characteristics to other people. This so-called social comparison theory was instigated in 1954 by Festinger, who hypothesized that individuals have a longing to appraise their views, judgments and abilities that can be satisfied by social comparisons with other people. Using this premise as a scaffold, many studies have been carried out, predominantly in reference to females which raise the question does advertising take advantage of consumer tendencies to alter their body or image of themselves by creating anxieties and discontent with the self? Relative to its effect on adolescent girls which Martin and Gentry (1997) studied, the answer is yes, advertisers especially of young fashion magazines do exploit this mindset among adolescent girls, who evaluate their physical beauty with that of models in the advertisements. Martin and Gentrys study has proven that, consistent with the social comparison theory, female pre-adolescents and adolescents self-perceptions and self-esteem can be destructively impinged on when self-evaluation takes place. Other studies have suggested that advertising can have a vital role in creating and highlighting a fixation with physical charm (Downs and Harrison, 1985), and may manipulate consumers awareness of what is an adequate level of physical attractiveness (Martin and Kennedy, 1993). This conception of advertisers taking advantage of consumers perception of themselves is unswervingly associated with sex appeal in advertising. Recently, advertisers have endeavored into a contentious area with their use of female sexual images and a focus on distinct body parts, language and sex-role portrayals. These advertisers are profoundly conscious that sex appeal in an advertisement has the capacity to exert a pull on women on the premise of social comparison. In a study conducted by Craik, Clarke, and Kirkup (1998), women who were sensitive of stereotypes and were even aware of the spuriousness of the industry still desperately want to imitate these images. Such is the explanation why advertisers reportedly pay huge amounts of money every year to have their products endorsed by alluring and well-admired women, since their beauty or personality is assumed to add dazzle to the products they promote (Langmeyer and Shank, 1994). Recommendations For media and advertising practitioners, it is important to apprise the audience who will be viewing the ads before putting sexual innuendos into the advertisement piece. Advertisers need to recognize the moral intricacy of sexual appeal in advertising and integrate that understanding in their strategic thought and when designing their commercial pieces. As what Henthorne and LaTour, (1994) stated, as the ethical considerations of society change over time, what is considered appropriate and acceptable in advertising must also change (p.88). Hence, it is imperative to incessantly reassess what society would consider suitable and consider the full level of consequences of their actions before considering for what they make out as ethically acceptable.

Cognitive Theory Essay -- Essays Papers

Cognitive Theory There is no one way to learn! Throughout life is faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made a better impact than others on different people. At one time in everyone’s life one has seen or have been the child who will attempt to read a single page from a book and become so frustrated and disorientated because she or he does not comprehended nor can one retell what one has just read. This was me, the child who struggled and just did not understand what I was reading. My teachers would present reading material and I would have to read it countless times and sometimes still I did not understand what the reading passage was about. However, with time I started to develop step by step process to help me better understand what I was reading, and finally it all came together. One way to help things to come together for a person is through the Cognitive Theory. The Cognitive Theory presents different theories for the way that one can be taught in different subjects, the different types of learners, and advantages of understanding the process in which one can go through to learn better. There are several different ways in which one learns. One way to learn is by adapting the cognitive style which sets a structure that one should go through a process of perceiving, thinking, problem solving and remembering. James Poon identifies two different types of learning approaches associated with the cognitive theory, reflective and impulsive. â€Å"Reflective individuals tend to be analytical, cautious, accurate, and slow in their approach to problem solving† (66). Poon also says that â€Å"reflective individuals are found to be an effective predictor of an academic achievement in first grade... ...s full potential. In addition one can waste his or her whole life trying to learn and never realize there is a process that one must adapt to before everything will make sense and one will completely understand what one is learning. In addition one must remember that everyone is different, therefore this particular style is not for everyone. When follows The Cognitive Theory one can define a different way to learn in particular core subjects, the different types of learners, and some advantages that come available when one changes. In today’s society Americans have create a place where everything revolves around money, with the smartest people obtaining the most amount of money. The lawyers, chemical engineers and doctors are the role models of today’s society but within each of these fields each individual has establish a learning style, to help one to succeed.

Atenolol: The Medication for High Blood Pressure :: essays research papers

Atenolol is a nationally known, commonly used medication that has helped to change the lives of many people in America. Atenolol, also known as Tenormin, is placed in a group of remedies known as beta-blocker. As a Beta-blocker, Atenolol is used to treat a range of bodily disorders in connection with anxiety and tension, such as high blood pressure, angina, irregular heart rhythms, migraines, prevention of a second heart attack, tremors, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety, and glaucoma. The three main malfunctions atenelol is used for are alcohol withdrawal, anxiety disorders, and cardiac disorders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dealing with alcohol withdrawal, Atenolol can be used as an addition to tradition alcohol withdrawal treatment to help make the results more effective. In relation to anxiety disorders, atenolol is usually used in small stress reactions, minor panic disorders, and generalized anxiety syndrome. Results are most easily obtainable in patients who have bodily anxiety, as opposed to the mind, and helps reduce trembling and rapid heart beat. Atenolol also had a large affect on cardiac illnesses. In the most common, angina pectoris, atenolol is used to decrease the amount of repeated attacks and to prevent any immediate death. Atenolol is best effective on middle-aged or teenagers, and to those with high blood pressure and heart rate as a result of exercise. The other major heart sickness is congestive heart failure. Giving Atnolol to a person with congestive heart failure must be taken with much care and precauution. One should start with low doses at first, and as time passes, increase the intake gradually. Overall, it affects the heart and circulatory system to either lessen the effect of or prevent any type of cardiovascular illness that may cause serious and/or permanent damage to the body. But how exactly does the medication work?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let’s begin with the structure. The structure of Atenolol is as follows: its chemical formula is C14H22N2O3, its relative molecular mass is 266.3g, and its chemical name is (RS)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)phenylacetamide. The physical appearance of the drug itself is a white colored powder that is odorless. The way atenolol, as well as other beta-blockers, work, is that they affect the different beta-recptors located within the human body. Every human has a certain number of beta-receptors located throughout the body, in places such as the heart, lungs, brain, etc. When a person takes a dose of atenolol, it reacts with the beta-receptors to either calm anxiety or treat blood pressure, without altering a person’s actions.

Intermediate Financial Management

BA – 316 Project Part 1 Identify a company Look at financial statements (from previous years, at least one year) Conduct ratio analysis. Use Dupont equation from results.. Make a financial statement Organize and Analyze Statements Make recommendations – how will you improve the forecast Strengths, weaknesses, etc. Part 2 Forecasting – Statistical Analysis Standard Goal of 10% Determine location of new funds (borrowing, issuance of stocks, capital) ? page to 1 page proposal before starting project Chapter 2 Homework – (5 , 9) & Mini Case (a – i), (#12 for 08/31) *Mini Case (j – m) for 09/12 Correlation Coefficient -> Degree of variability Possibilities of economy on investments ProbabilityRate of Return A Pessimistic. 2513% Likely. 5015% Optimistic. 2517% Realized Rate of Return & Correlation Coefficient ***Calculate Correlation of Coefficient for these stocks Stocks X, Y, and Z Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Avg? X8%10%12%14%16%12%3. 16 Y16%14 %12%10%8%12%3. 16 Z8%10%12%14%16%12%3. 16 Correlation – A statistical measure of the relationship between the rates of return of two assets Correlation Coefficient – A statistical measure of the degree of the relationship between the rates of return of two assets. Positively Correlated – Describes two rates of return that move in the same direction Negatively Correlated- Describes two rates of return that move in opposite directions ?= t=1n(ri,t-ri,avg)(rj,t – rj,avg)t=1nri,t-ri,avg2t=1nrj,t – rj,avg2 Yearr  ? xryrz 18%16%8%Rxy= 2101410 3121212Rxz= 4141014 516816 Diversifiable Risk Company-specific risk Unsystematic risk S&P, NASDAQ, Dow Jones Non-Diversifiable Risk Market Risk Systematic Risk The risk of a portfolio depends on the correlation coefficient of returns on the assets within the portfolio. 1. If rate of return of two assets are perfectly positively correlated, R = 1 2. If rate of return of two assets are perfectly negatively correlated, R = -1 3. If rate of return of two assets are independent, -1 < R < 1 Beta Coefficient – b Measure of the risk that one asset can contribute to a portfolio ry = a + b(rM) When beta is positive, it means that the stock moves with the market And vice-versa if beta is negative Beta measures the non-diversifiable risk of an asset. Find Correlation Coefficient (as a portfolio) Calculate beta – Use S&P What should be the risk of the portfolio? **Pick a pair Exxon & BP Walmart & Kroger Verizon & AT&T Toyota & Ford CAPM – Capital Asset Pricing Model A model that describes the relationship between the required rate of return and the non-diversifiable risk of a portfolio rMrxryrz 55102. 5 1010205 1515307. 5 20204010 25255012. 5 30306015 r17. 517. 5358. 75 b1120. 50 ?111 bx= ? rx? rm? xm = ? x? m? xm SML Equation – ri = rrf + (rm – rrf)bi IF rm = 9% RRF = 3% bA = 0. 5 bB= 1 bC= 2 Slope of SML line provides the riskiness of the market, aka market risk premium. Chapter 3 – page 76 Optimal Portfolio Homework (#7) Covariance COVAB = i=1nrAi- rArBi- rBPi ProbabilityAsset AAsset BAsset CAsset DAsset E .158%4%12%2%4% .20861046 .3088878 .2081061210 .1581241612 r ? 88888 ?02. 522. 524. 662. 52 COV COVxy= ? x ? y(? xy) Solve COVBD, COVBE, COVCD Calculate risk without beta ?p= wx2? x2+(1-w)y2? y2+2w(1-w)? xy? x? y Two key factors for investing How much is the rate of return What is the risk involved If COV is large & positive Portfolio standard deviation will be between the two stand-alone deviations If COV is large & negative Portfolio standard deviation will be minimized (lower than the lowest one) Analyzing portfolio options Asset AAsset B r ? 5%8% ?410 wawbr ? p 100%05. 0 75%25%5. 75 50%50%6. 5 25%75%7. 25 0100%8. 0 ?p ?ab = 1? ab = 0? ab = -1 Linear relationship between increases in portion changes of asset A vs. asset B Percentage change in risk also remains constant if perfectly positively or perfectly negatively correlated Look into financial statements for project, bring to class 09-28 r ? A = 5% ?A = 4% r ? B = 8% ?B = 10% wAwbr ab = 1? ab = 0 ? ab = -1 100%0%5%444 75255. 755. 53. 90. 5 50506. 57. 05. 43. 0 25757. 258. 57. 66. 5 01008. 010. 010. 010. 0 Plot rate of return on y-axis and risk on x-axis The feasible set will be determined Most Efficient portfolio Provides maximum expected rate of return with the least risk. The capital market line Shows the possibility that investors could have an efficient portfolio outside of the feasible set Short-term borrowing and short-term lending

New Mind in Data Mining

Content mining has turned into an energizing examination field as it tries to find profitable data from unstructured writings. The unstructured writings which contain huge measure of data can't just be utilized for additionally preparing by PCs. Thusly, correct preparing strategies, calculations and methods are fundamental keeping in mind the end goal to separate this profitable data which is finished by utilizing content mining. In this paper, we have talked about general thought of content mining and correlation of its procedures. What's more, we quickly talk about various content mining applications which are utilized directly and in future. Index Terms Retrieval, Extraction, Categorization, Clustering, Summa- rization.INTRODUCTIONContent mining has turned out to be imperative research region. Countless put away in better places in unstructured structure. Around 80% of the world's information is in unstructured content [1]. This unstructured content can't be effortlessly utilized by PC for all the more preparing. So there is a requirement for some procedure that is valuable to remove some valuable data from unstructured content. These data are then put away in content database design which contains organized and couple of unstructured fields. Content can be sited in sends, visits, SMS, daily paper articles, diaries, item audits, and association records [2]. Relatively every one of the organizations, government divisions.Text Mining StepsGather data from unstructured information. Change over this data got into organized information Identify the example from organized information Analyze the example Extract the profitable data and store in the database.Information RetrievalThe most well known information retrieval (IR) systems are Google search engines which recognize those documents on the World Wide Web that are associated to a set of given words. It is measured as an extension to document retrieval where the documents that are returned are processed to extract the useful information crucial for the user [3]. Thus document retrieval is followed by a text summarization stage that focuses on the query posed by the user, or an information extraction stage. IR in the broader sense deals with the whole range of information processing, from information retrieval to knowledge retrieval [8]. It is a relatively old research area where first attempts for automatic indexing where made in 1975. It gained increased attention with the grow of the World Wide Web and the need for classy search engines.Information ExtractionThe objective of data extraction (IE) techniques is the extraction of helpful data from content. It recognizes the extraction of elements, occasions and connections from semi-organized or unstructured content. Most valuable data, for example, name of the individual, area and association are extricated without legitimate comprehension of the content [4]. IE is worried about extraction of semantic data from the text.IE can be portrayed as the development of an organized picture of chose important piece data drawn from writings. 4. Clustering Grouping is a standout amongst the most fascinating and vital subjects in content mining. Its point is to discover inborn structures in data, and organize them into noteworthy subgroups for additionally study and examination. It is an unsupervised procedure through which objects are ordered into bunches called groups. The issue is to gather the given unlabeled accumulation into significant bunches with no earlier data. Any names related with objects are acquired exclusively from the information. For instance, archive grouping aids recovery by making joins between related records, which thus enables related reports to be recovered once one of the archives has been regarded pertinent to a question [8]. Grouping is helpful in numerous application regions, for example, science, information mining, design acknowledgment, record recovery, picture division, design order, security, business insight and Web seek. Bunch examination can be utilized as an independent content mining device to accomplish information conveyance, or as a pre-preparing venture for other content mining calculations working on the identified groups.Internet SecurityThe utilization of content mining device in security field has turned into a critical issue. A considerable measure of content mining programming bundles is showcased for security applications, especially observing and examination of online plain content sources, for example, Internet news, sites, mail and so on for security purposes 7. It is additionally associated with the investigation of content encryption/unscrambling. Government offices are putting significant assets in the reconnaissance of a wide range of correspondence, for example, email, online talks. Email is utilized as a part of numerous true blue exercises, for example, messages and reports trade.6. ConclusionContent mining for the most part alludes to the way toward separating profitable data from unstructured content. In this overview of content mining, a few content mining strategies and its applications in different fields have been talked about. A correlation of vary ent content mining has been indicated which can be additionally upgraded. Content mining calculations will give us valuable and organized information which can decreases time and cost. Shrouded data in interpersonal organization locales, bioinformatics and web security and so on are distinguished utilizing content mining is a noteworthy test in these fields. The progression of web innovations has lead toa colossal enthusiasm for the order of content records containing joins or other data.7.ReferencesR. Agrawal and R. Srikant. Rapid calculations for mining affiliation ideas. In proceedings of the twentieth global convention on Very tremendous Databases (VLDB-94), pages 487– 499, Santiago, Chile, Sept. 1994.R. Baeza-Yates and B. Ribeiro-Neto. Current information Retrieval. ACM Press, the big apple,1999.S. Basu, R. J. Mooney, ok. V. Pasupuleti, and J. Ghosh. Assessing the oddity of content mined ideas utilising lexical expertise. In court cases of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD worldwide assembly on advantage Discovery and data Mining (KDD-2001), pages 233– 239, San Francisco, CA, 2001.M. W. Berry, editorial supervisor. Approaches of the 0.33 SIAM global confere nce on knowledge Mining(SDM-2003) Workshop on text Mining, San Francisco, CA, may 2003.M. E. Califf, editorial manager. Papers from the Sixteenth countrywide conference on synthetic Intelligence (AAAI-99) Workshop on laptop learning for knowledge Extraction, Orlando, FL, 1999. AAAI Press.M. E. Califf and R. J. Mooney. Social studying of illustration coordinate standards for knowledge

Major Depressive Disorder Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Major Depressive Disorder - Assignment Example All messages, from one neuron to another, transmit through electrical impulses and move in one direction. While impulses emerging from the dendrites, they transmit to the cell body, further to the axon and then to adjacent neurons. Dendrites then notice messages from other neurons and carries signals forward. Axons are insulated by a myelin sheath made up of protein and fat essentially to prevent the short circuiting of messages (Kandel et al., 2000).The space between two neurons called synapse is filled with chemical called neurotransmitters. When an impulse reaches to a terminal button via axon, the terminal button releases a chemical known as neurotransmitter. Thus, neurotransmitters act as a carrier taking messages to a dendrite of a receiving neuron across the synapse. That means within a neuron messages transmit through electrical impulses while between the neurons communication takes place through a chemical mode. It is important to note that not all neurons receive the chemic al mode of communication and different kinds of neurotransmitter differ in their ability to fit at receptor site of neuron. That means communication can take place only when a neurotransmitter fits into a receptor site perfectly. When the message received by the neuron is of excitatory type then neuron fires from its resting state. Thus neurotransmitter is an important link between the person's nervous system and his or her behavior (Kandel et al., 2000). Different kinds of neurons conduct specialized jobs and the mirror neurons are one of them.

Comparing bluetooth technology with infrared Essay

Comparing bluetooth technology with infrared - Essay Example Bluetooth exchanges information between devices through a globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) radio bands. It uses 2.4 GHz short range frequency of ISM. Bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG) develop and license Bluetooth specifications. The SIG comprises of telecommunication, networking, computing and electronic companies (Newton, Harold). Bluetooth can transmit data between devices such as laptops, telephones, printers, digital cameras, mobile phones and video game consoles. It is a wireless protocol made for low power consumption and has short range which is based on low cost transceiver microchips in each device (Bluetooth SIG). The short ranges of Bluetooth are 1 meter, 10 meters and 100 meters and these ranges are power and class dependent. Class 1 of Bluetooth has a maximum permitted power of 100mW and approximate range of 100m; class 2 has a maximum permitted power of 2.5mW and approximate range of 10m; class 3 has a maximum permitted power of 1mW and approximate range of 1m (Newton, Harold). Bluetooth allows communication to be done among devices when they are in range. Because this system of communication uses radio waves, devices do not need to be in line of sight of each other for communication to take place. (Newton, Harold). In order for a device to be used by Bluetooth, it must be compatible with Bluetooth profiles. The most common use of Bluetooth includes wireless communication between handsets and mobile phones, wireless communication between computer input and output devices, file transfer between devices and OBEX, internet access of personal computers and communications in medical equipment. The technology of Bluetooth exists in many devices like Wi-Fi, telephones, and play stations and also in some high definition headsets and watches. This technology simplifies set up of services between devices. Devices with this technology can advertise all their services. It allows much of the security and permission configuration to be automated making its services easier for use as compared to other network types. A personal computer is required to have Bluetooth adapter in order to develop communication with other Bluetooth devices like mobile phones, keyboards and mice. Some laptops and personal computers have in built adapters while in others an external adapter is required. Through Bluetooth, multiple devices can communicate with a computer over one adapter. A Bluetooth enabled mobile phone allows it be communicated with many devices. The Open Mobile Terminal Platform has recently published a recommendation paper which recommends Bluetooth requirements in mobile phones which covers in car usage, printing and imaging. Bluetooth devices can transmit information like device names, list of services, device class and list of technical information on demand. Any Bluetooth device can undertake an inquiry to find other Bluetooth devices to connect to, and any Bluetooth device can usually respond to such inquires. However if a Bluetooth device that is trying to connect to another device knows the address of that other device than other devices always respond to the direct connection requests and transmit informat